Monday (12/12/16)
- We start to present.
Main reasons why WWI started.
Militarism, imperialism, nationalism alliances.
Kyle, Jonny, Sam, Michael
1. Causes- Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
A.Mutual defence alliances
If one country started to fight then another would also join
B.Imperialism
European race
Raw materials
Diplomatic crisis
C.Nationalism
Countries show their dominance/power
Britain expanding
D.Militarism
Arms race
Military increasing
New weapons
E.Immediate cause
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (soon to be austria-hungary president)
First attempt- failed
Second attempt- succeeded
Germany declared war on Russia
2. Alliances
A.Central powers- Austria-hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire
B.Allies- Russia, United kingdom, Japan, United states
C. Neutral
3.Reasons for alliances-
To share supplies in case of war
4.Strategies-
A. Schlieffen plan- 90% of Germany was going to send troops around France to take out
France's troops while the other 10% was sent to stop russian advances
B. Plan 17- French army to advance into Lorraine and Ardennes. The ultimate goal was to take over Germany
C. Plan 19- Russian troops were to immediately invade Prussia to stop the advances of German Troops into France. This plan failed
5.Germany’s goal for the war
Germany wanted to weaken france
Also wanted to annex land from Belgium so they could turn it into a Vessel for German Empire
Germany and Austria hungary wanted to become a colonial power during the war.
Tuesday (12-13-16)
My Group Presents
Wednesday-
My group finishes presenting
Causes for American involvement
- Originally going to stay neutral
- Germany killed unarmed civilians- destroyed whole villages
- Ties- allies- much stronger ties with countries belonging to Allied Powers
- Unrestricted submarine warfare in North Atlantic and Mediterranean- ships getting sunk, Americans getting killed
- Germany wanted Mexico to ally with them- telegram intercepted by British, who gave it to Americans, who were angry
- Propaganda swayed people- felt sorry for Europe- Belgium
Major Battles
- Some Offensive
- August 8th-November 11th 1918
- Purpose- Take control of 24 km stretch of the River
- British and French vs German
- 57,470 casualties- bloody
- Lots of battles within this battle
- No clear winner
- Interesting fact- Anne Frank's father and Hitler both fought in this battle
- Oise/Aisne
- August 18th-November 11th, 1918
- 4,000 German guns open fired a the French on 24 mile long stretch of the allied lines
- Aisne River in Eastern France
- The British and French vs Germans
- Battle of Ypres
- 30th division- August 18th
- 27th division- August 23rd
- Allies advanced advanced on August 31
- Ended September 4th
- Belgium made the US a monument
- St. Mihiel
- Southeast of Berdon
- Sept. 12th-16, 1918
- First battle that completely led by Americans
- Most significant battle
- General John Pershing
- Meuse Argonne
- Sept. 26- Nov. 11, 1918
- US and France vs Germany
- General John Pershing
- France, Forest of Argonne
- Final Campaign
- US and French adcance
- Germany driven out
Wednesday- continue presentations
- Virrorio Veneto
- October 24-November 3, 1918
- Italian Army vs Austrian Army
- Vittorio Veneto
- Austria attacked Italy
- Italian army won
Cassie, Grace, Morgan, Maeve
Civilian Effort
- Victory Garden
- Victory Speed Limits
- Conserving Food - especially meats
- Saving Materials
- Using less and giving more
Herbert Hoover
- Food Administrator
- Chairman of the commission for relief in Belgium
- Food policies
Food Administration
- Food rationing
- "Food Will Win The War"
- 18,500,000 tons of food to allies
Thursday(12/15/16)- Group continues to present.
Beast type creatures- That's how Americans thought of the Germans. Making people more likely to enlist.
Wake up america
"Wake up, America!" was created calling all men and women to help in the war. (James Montgomery Flaggs in 1917).
Fun Fact- Uncle Sam The eyes would follow you no matter where you went. This was to make people think this is personal you need to enlist today.
Propaganda- Newspapers, Books, Cartoons, and even songs.
Over there- come on Johnnie
War Bonds- How the government paid for the war. - to get the young people to enlist.
Quinn, Connor, Amillia, Ron- Present
Types of Ware fare and weapons of WWI
- Recon- Fly over certain areas/ spying
- Non-Lethal Battles
- Pistols
- Gernades
2 main types of planes
Bomber
- Late war
- both sides used bombs
- luck targeting
Fighter
- Used grenades and pistols
- people found the best was a mountain gun
- but it would hit propeller
- Interrupter- Invention
- Aces and Dogfights
Recon War blimps
- Germany, France, and Italy
- Germany most effective
- Also used in Naval Battles
Fokker Eindecker
- German
- Interrupter
- Big advantages
- French stole idea
Gotha Bomber
- German Long Range Bomber
- 500 miles
- First big bomber
Albatross D. III
- flown by many Germans
- Much quicker
- Easier to handle
Manfred Von Richthofen
- Red Baron
- Most Famous German Ace
- Most in WWI 80 Confirmed Kills
- Died of the Age 25 shot down
Eddie RickenBacker
- American Ace
- Top US Ace with 26 confirmed kills
- Survived
Georges Guynemer
- French
- Died at the age of 22
- 53 kills
Mick Mannock
- British
- 61 kills
- Died after shot down at the age of 31
Rene Fonck
- French
- 75 kills
- Top allied Ace
- Survived
Albert Ball
- UK Ace
- 44 kills
- Died at age 40
- "Best English Piolet by far"
Tanks
- 1st use of tanks as a combat system
- UK, France (Germany, Italy, American)
- design was old
- Winston Churchill and the Land ship Committee
- Little Willie- Big bulky
- Big Willie- Slightly better
Setbacks
- Battle of Somme, 1915
- Slow, hot, noisy, hard to breathe, bad communication not enough space.
- Soldiers could walk faster than tanks
Rifles in WWI
- The standard British Riffle was the Lee- Einfield. 303
- A variation of the rifle had been used since 1902
- The standard German rifle was the Gewehr 98
- Longer than the Enfield
- Required extra sight for short- range
Machine Guns in WWI
The standard British MG was the vickers Machine gun
Fired 450-500 Rpm
The standard German MG was the Maschinengewehr 08
Fired 400 RPM
Friday (12/16/16)
Trenches were very important during the war they were used for transpiration to stay out of bullets ways. They ran hundreds of miles.
No mans land was a no entrance zone unless you wanted to die.
Group 5- Wilson's 14 points and treaty of Versailles
Purpose of the 14 points
- Outline to end the war
- goals to achieve throughout the war
- Wilson wanted lasting peace for the world
- Wilson wanted to make clear why they were fighting
- Wilson was the only leader to publicly give his war goals
1st- Open Diplomacy
- No private documents international understanding
- No secrets treaties between powers
2nd- Freedom of the seas
- Seas are in peace and of war
- Freedom of navigation of the seas
- outside of territorial waters
3rd- Removal of the economic barriers
- Equality of trade condition among all nations
- Provides a system of collective for all nations
4th-Reduction of armaments
- reducing military weapons/ equipment
- easy for US due to location
- Europe didn't agree
5th-3.
Ajustemtns of colonial claims
-colonies set by people living there
-people want idependence
-colony owners should listen
-limit countries
6) Conquered teritories in Russia
-Restoration of russia
- Freedoms
-freedom to establish political system
-Russia allowed to determine government
-German troops exit
7) Preservation of Belgian Sovereignty
-Germany toops exits Belguim
-They will become an idependent country
-Belgium resotred
8) Restoration of French terrioriy
-French terriotory freed
-Invaded portions resotred
-France regain all terriotory
-Alsace- Lorraine
9) Redrawing of the italian frontier
-Italians should move to Italy
-Established a border
10) Division of Austria- Hungary
- Austria- Hungary will remain an independent country
-Self- determination for people living there
-oppurtunity for Automonous deleopment
- Gave them protection
11) Redrawing of Balkan Boundaries
-Military evacuted from Romania, Serbia, and Montengero
-Independence for Balkan States
-Established borders
-Serbia should have acess to the seas
12) Limitations of Turket
- Portions of Turkey under possenssion of Ottman Empire given independence
-Other nations under Turkish rule are assured security of life and are left in peace with oppurtinity to create their own government
13) Establishment of and idependent poland
-:poland shall be an Independent country"
14) The creation of an association of nations
-"A league of Nation will be fromed that potects the independence of all countries no matter how big or small" lasted 26 years
Result
-Helped bring the Germans to peace talks
Treaty of Versailles Happened
-Much harsher against Germans
-Treaty og Versailles included a "Guilt Clause" which blamed the Germans for the war
-Geramny had to pay reparation to Allies
- French wanted this due to Germany destroying their economy
Treaty of Versailles
-France didn't like the points
-Went to the US
-Made the treaty of Versailles
-End WWI
-Start WWII
Treaty did:
-Losses of terriory
-Alsace Lorraine- France
-Eupen and Malmedy- Belgium
-Northern Schleswig- Denmark
-West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia- Poland
- Hultschin- Czechoslovakia
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