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Friday Present
Byzantine Empire
Rome was divided but rulers in East saw themselves as Emperors of Rome
Byzantine nobleman Justinian succeeded his uncle to the throne of the eastern empire
Sent Belisarius to recover North Africa from the Germanic tribes
2 years later Belisarius attacked rome and took it from barbarians called Ostrogoths
Had absolute power
In charge of politics and religion
Most people spoke latin
Justian
Emperor
Married to Theodora
Wrote books
Created the Justinian Code and Public building program
Code
Created when the empire was unified
Marriage, slavery, poverty ect...
The digest showed summary opinion on the law by rome’s greatest leagal people
The institutes was a textbook that told law students how to use the law
The novellae
Public building empire-
Ambitious public building in the Roman world
Rebuilt the constatinople after it crumbled
Workers built a 14 mile stone wall along coastline
Palace enlarged into a vast compled with baths, aqueducts, courts, schools and hospitals
Churches
Big into churches
Empire was a sing of this
Education
Greek and latin grammer and philosophy
Memorized Homer
Learned geo from Euclid, history form Herodotus and medicine form Galen
Empire
Products from Asia, africa and europe
Acrobatsa nd street musicians
Hippodrome
Means horse and racecourse
Watch for free
Wild chariot races and preformance acts
Could hold 60,000 people
Fans would form rowdy gangs supporting different teams
Riots
Nika rebellion
Both sides angry with goverment about hippodromes
Demanded to overthow Justinian
Belisarius (western) brok in with his troops, 30,000 rebbels killed
Justinian wanted to flee durning this rebellino but his wife made hime stay
Empire Falls
After justinians death
Suffered many comebacks (fall and came back then fell again) like street riots and religous fights
Plague of justinian
Before justinian death
Like what is now the bubonic plague
Hits constantinople
Ships from india
10,000 people dying everyday
Attackts from East and West
Lombards overran Justinian’s conquest in the west
Avaras, salvs, and Bulgars on the Northern Border
Sassanid Persians tattacked in the East
Rise of Islam
Russians attempeted invasions three times
Turks tok over Muslim world
Used Bribes, diplomancy, political marrages andmilitary power
7th century emperor Heraclius reorganized empre
Provinces became theams
Empire slowly shrunk
Empire was reduced ot the tip of Anatolia
Constianople for 100 more years
1435 city fell to the turks
Church divides
Church divides into Easter and Western
Orgionally christanity had one church
Political conflicts
Difference in beliefs
Catholic church splits
Western
Easern
Differences
Roman- divorice was not permited, services are conducted in latin
Eastern-Priest may be married, Divorice is allowed
Similarities
They wanted to convert people
Leaders
Pope- head of the roman catholic
Patriarch- eastern chruch
Leaders- Patriarch Bartholomew, Pope Jhon Paul 2
Offically split
Differences continued to grow
Pope and Patriarch excommunicated
Offical split
Roman Catholic Church (west)
Orthodox church (east)
Byzantine Missionaries Convert Slavs
Missionaries from Orthodox
Convert the Slavs
Slavs- inhabited forests
Cyril and Methodius
Slavic Languages
Now written in the Cyrillic alphabet
Including russia
Russia
Geography
Rivers allowed boat travel
Main rivers were Dnieper, Don and Volga
Early days
In the 800’s small bands of adentures came from the north
Slavs and Vikings
Legend says the Slavis invited Viking cheif, Rurik, to be their king
He founded Novgorod, which became Russia’s first important city.
Vikings could sail by river
Keive becomes orthodox
Olga governed until her son was old enough to rule
Vladimir sent teams to observe major religions
Report about chrianistiny convinced him to convert everyone to it
He now looked to the byzantine empire for religous guidance
The close link between chruch and state was implimited here
Rise to power
Kiev rose in power it marked its first apperence in Russia
Vladimer exspanded
Downfall
Decline began when land was divided between sons
People struggled
Crusades between christians and muslims
Mongol invasions
Invaders came on Russia from central asia
Ruler was Ganghis Shan, one of the most feared rulers of all time
May have left asia
Pushed out by economic or military pressures
Lured by wealth of cities to the west
Reputation of brutality
Ruler died and land conquering contuinued
Fullest extent
Yellow sea to the Balic sea and the Himalayas to Northern Russia
After fall of Kiev Mongles fuled all of Sothern russia for 200 years
Uner mongol rule the russian could follow all of their usual customs as long s they didn’t rebel
Mongols tolerated all religions
Mongols demanded only 2 things
Adsolute obedience
Massive amounts of tributes or payments
Russians had little access to new tech
Russia breaks free
City of Moscow
Small weak village
Three rivers means control
Ivan I
Got power form helping Mongols
Conviced church to move to Moscow
Became the best ali for prices
Expanded their territory by land purchaes and wars and trickery
IvanIII
Moscow into empire
Wanted to be the “Third Rome” and took the name czar
Refused to pay futher to the Mongols
Stand off at Ugra River
150 miles from Moscow at the river
Russian forces were encamped one side Monglos on other
Prince Ivan commaned the Mongls to leave
Mongols were scared the Russias would attack them so they left
Russian persue empire
Turkish Empire
Abbasids
Led by caliph, muslim religious and political leader
Had ruled east of the Byzantine Empire since the 700’s
Had struggled to maintain control
Lost spain, then morocco, the tunisia, then parts of persia, and egypt
Turks
The Tu-kiu were a tribe living on the plains west of China
They are believed to have been the early turks
They were very skilled with hourses and were nomadic
Turkish soldiers
The Abbasides began kidnapping young Turks to use as slaves and train as soldiers
Seljuk Turks
Int he late 900’s many turkish tribes began migrating into the Abbasid Empire
One group was known as the Seljurks and they attacked and took over the captial of Baghdad
They now controlled the empire and conducted military
Conquered most of Anatolia
Came closer to Constaniople then anyone had before
Seljuks and Crusaders
Seljuks
Ruler was Malik Shah
No capable Shah appeared to replace him
The Seljuk empire disintegrated
With the Seljuks weak the west launched an attack for control of the Holy Land and the Middle East
Frist Crusade
Created by pope Urban in 1095
Purpose was to drive Turks out of Anatolia and recover Jerusalem from Muslim Rule
In 1099 the crusaders caputed Jerusalem and set up a latin christian kingdom
After a century of Christian Rule a small part of the former Seljuk empire fought back
A war between the West and the Muslims, lead Saladin, lead to the muslims recapturing Jerusalem
Eventually a truce between Saladin and King Richard of England was signed
Persian Recuting
Seljuk rulers courted the support of their newly conquered persian subjects
Toghril beg chose the persian city of Isfahan to be the capital of his kingdom
Persians became loyal supporters of Seljuks
Persian learning
Seljuks admired persian learing
When they arrived in southwest Asia they were unfamiliar with Islamic culture and religion
Seljuk rulers
Word is Shahs
Malik Shah took pride in supporting persian artists and architects
Malk beautified the ciry of Isfahan by building mosques
Sultan
Seljuks Face the Mongols
Mongols
Were a nomadic tribe of northern asia
Directly above china
United under Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan
Born in Mongolia
Became chief after his fathers death
Started building a massive army to destory many of his tribes enemy
Mongols military success is owed to the mind of Gengues Khan
Name was gifted to him by his tribal leaders
Moved into china to sucure land and food
High grow of population with little land
Moved west because of diplomatic argument
Expansion
After china they moved west
Burned and leveled cities while killing whole populations
Baghdad was surrounded by a defensive wall, which gave troblem to the Mongold
Victory over baghdad
Savige fight until Hulag conquered the entire city
Mongols burned capital..................................................
Fall of the Mongol Empre
Created the biggest land in empire history
Mongold did not know how to give land
Sons messed the land and giveing of it up
Ottoman Empire would last into the the 20th centary
- Mongolian Empre was taken over also by the Ottoman
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