Monday- notes
Tuesday- notes
Wednesday- work day
Thursday- work day
Friday- started presenting
What is World History? BC and AD?
The history of the world
BC- Before Christ
AD- anno Domini (Latin for “in the year of our Lord”)
How old is the Universe?
13 ½ billion years old
How old is the Earth?
4.6 billion years old
Where were the oldest human fossils found?
Africa- Tanzania and Ethiopia
Who found the oldest human fossils?
Louis and Mary Leakey
What are some of the biggest achievements in world history?
Wheel
Fire
Tools
Weapons
Language
Boats
Art
Louis and Mary Leakey
Searched for hominid remains in Tanzania from the 1930-1970
Found humanlike fossils in 1959 in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania
This discovery would usher many other findings over the decades
Donald Johnson
Discovered a 3.2 million-year-old fossil of a female skeleton in Ethiopia names “Lucy” in 1974
This was the oldest known hominid remains found until 2105
3 major periods in World history.
Anything that stands on two feet are hominids
Neolithic Revolution:
Prior to more organized agriculture people were nomadic and hunted animals and gather plants.
Lived in groups of about 25-70 people
No one knows exactly how things changed but about 10,000 years ago people started more organized farming
Along with planting crops people would also domesticated animals such as horses, dogs, goats and pigs
Jobs started to change because not all could be farmers so different jobs and action popped up to help things happen/change. Villages turned into towns then to cities. As cities emerged living and thinking leading to civilization. *Social classes emerged. *Middle class * Low class* *Upper class Ancient Sumerian city UR one of the oldest.
1991 Hikers came crossed remains about 5,000 years old. He ate wild goats, berries, and tools and weapons were found around the remains.
Agriculture Revolutions: The warmer the temperature the long the people lived- You can plants crops and they would last longer.
Civilization- An highly advanced society (Usually in a city)
FIVE TRAITS OF A CIVILIZATION:
Advanced cities(Urah, Lagash, Umma)
Writing/ Recording keeping (Customs, traditions)
Specialized workers( Scribes, potters, weavers)
Complex instantiations- (government, military etc)
Advanced technology ( wheel, plow, sailboat, bronze weapons)
Natural Borders- Boundaries that separate places naturally such as oceans, seas mountains, desserts. Helpful because it kept enemies out and harder for enemy to pass and travel.
Arose 4 separate river valleys around 3500 BC
Fertile soil, mild climate, waterway for transportation, water for crops and drinking
Food supply
Fertile Crescent- crescent shaped piece of land
Mesopotamia- land between the rivers
City-state- city in the surrounding territory it controls; functions like an independent country
Dynasty- a series of rulers from a single family-father to son
Cultural Diffusion- process in which ideas spread from one culture to another
Monotheism- believe in one God
Polytheism- belief in many Gods
Empire- group of territories or nations ruled by a single ruler
Delta- very fertile land; mouth of the river that flows into a bigger body of water
King Narmer- King of Egypt that many believe united Upper and Lower Egypt around 3000 BC
Pharaoh- God-kings of Egypt- Seen almost as powerful as the gods of the heavens
Theocracy- Government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god
Pyramids- huge structure where the Egyptian pharaohs are placed after they die
Mummification- process of drying and embalming a corpse to prevent decay; believe in afterlife; usually just rich people
Hieroglyphics- A writing system that was used in ancient Egypt by the Egyptians. That combined symbols and alphabetic elements.
Papyrus- what Egyptians wrote on. Came from papyrus reeds found in marshy areas
Indian Subcontinent- landmass that includes Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh
Monsoon- seasonal winds that can bring dry air or heave rain; huge impact on India
Mandate from Heaven- a just ruler that has approval from the gods; and unjust ruler can lose their mandate to rule
Dynastic Cycle- rise, fall and replacement of dynasties
Feudalism- political system in which the king gives land to nobles/lords in returns they vow loyalty and military service to the king; used in China, Japan, and Europe
Presentations
Zhou
Politics
Zhou Dynasty came to power in 1046
Lost power in 256 BCE
1046 BCE, King Wu led an army of 50,000 troops against a Shang army of 700,000 in a battle known as the Battle of Muye
Many of the Shang soldiers joined King Wu’s side
The Shang King retreated and committed suicide
Burned himself in a building
Feudalism
Economics
Agricultural based
Nobles owned the farm land
Iron tools increased harvest
Increasing population
Merchant and trader
Geography
Originally located to the west of the Shang Dynasty
Man made barriers that lock the Zhou dynasty make it square like
Zhou Dynasty is in a valley
Located in the rain forest
Protection
Natural barriers
Himalaya Mountains
Deserts
Water
Social
Religion
Started Confucianism and Taoism
Confucianism is named after Confucius
Famous philosopher who impacted the region
Balance within yourself
Taoism
Light and dark
Balance of good and bad
Live life to the fullest
Education
Started a new education system
Made 2 different schools
State school was for the rich
Village school was separated in 4 different classes
Shu, Xiang, Xu, Xiao
Art
Bronze sculptures
Jade sculptures for rituals
Nail painting
Entertainment
Played music
String instruments
Kites
Operas
Bored/Card games
Gender Roles
Women were treated as inferior to men
Had to do whatever they were told by the men without question
Advancements
Waterways
Dyed yarns
Record astronomy
Geographical maps
Magnetism
Phoenicians
Geography
Ancient civilization made of city-states which were along the coast Mediterranean Sea
Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel
Phoenician city-states began to take from 3200 BCE and were firmly established by 2750 BCE
Phoenicia was also around lots of snow capped mountains
Lots of natural boundaries protecting them from civilizations, animals, and floods
Snow capped mountains also helped cool the desert land down
Political
Led by a hereditary monarchy- in power til the 7th century BCE
Only one queen ruled alone as a regent for her son during 500 BCE
Alongside the king was the Council of Elders
Came under Assyrian domination in 700 BC
Matters of government were carried out by the priestly class and elite households that controlled the international trade
King Hiram of Tyre set up trade with the king of Israel and were the first people to establish a large colonia network based on seafaring
Priests came from royal family or the leading merchant family
Power of the king was told about in the Old Testament
Phoenician cities very rarely formed alliances with each other
Collection of city-states
- 3200 BC-300 BC
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