Monday-
What is world history?
- Study of the history of the world
- BC- before Christ
- AD- Anno Domini (Latin for "in the year of our lord"
How old is the Earth?
- 4.6 billion years old
Where were the oldest human fossils found?
- Africa- Specifically Tanzania and Ethiopia
Who found the oldest human fossils?
- Louis and Mary Leakey, Donald Johanson, recent scientists(Name?)
What are some of the biggest achievements/inventions in world history?
- Controlled fires
- Wheel- easy transportation
- Tools/weapons to hunt- Spear
- Invention of boats (Sail)
- Art
- Development of Language
- Dinosaurs were 65-250 million years ago
Louis and Mary Leakey
- Searched for hominid remains in Tanzania from 1930-1970s
- Hominid- Group consisting of all modern and extinct Great Apes(modern humans, chimps, gorillas, and orangutans plus their ancestors)
- Found humanlike fossils in 1959 in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania
- This discovery would usher many other findings over decades
Donald Johanson
- Discovered a 3.2 million year old fossil of a female skeleton in Ethiopia named "Lucy" in 1974
Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution
- Prior to more organized agriculture, people were nomadic and hunted animals and gathered plants-hunter-gatherer
- They lived in groups of about 25-70 people
- No one knows exactly how things changed, but about 10,000 years ago, people started more organized farming
- Along with planting crops, people also domesticated animals such as horses, dogs, goats, and pigs
**When the temperature is warmer, it is easier for people/plants/animals to live***
Continuing Monday-
- As time went on, people started setting up villages, which then, over time, turned into towns and then some into cities
- As cities emerged, more complex ways of thinking and living emerged leading to civilization.
- As cities grew, social classes emerged
Define Civilization-
- Student friendly- A highly advanced society
Five traits of a Civilization
- Advances cities
- Writing/record keeping
- Specialized workers
- Complex institutions- Government, religious, economic
- Advanced technology (of the time- ex. pyramids)
What are natural borders?
- Borders that separate countries that are not man made
What are some natural boundaries that would be helpful to an early civilization?
- Water source
- Mountains
- Forests
- Desserts
Why are defensible borders important for a civilization to thrive?
- They don't have to worry about outside invaders
- Arose in 4 separate river valleys around 3500 BC
- Fertile soil, mild climate, waterway for transportation, water for crops and drinking
- Provided for abundant crops and food surpluses
Vocabulary -
Ch. 2.1 Vocab
- Fertile Crescent
- Semicircle of fertile land stretching from SE coast of Mediterranean around Syrian Desert N of Arabia to Persian Gulf
- Mesopotamia-
- Ancient land that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates river
- Greek for "Land between rivers"
- Todays Iraq
- City-state
- State that has it's own government and consists of a city in the area around it
- Functioned like an independent country
- Dynasty
- Series of rulers of the same family
- Cultural Diffusion
- Process in which ideas spread from one culture to another
- Polytheism
- Belief in many gods
- Monotheism
- Belief in one god
- Empire
- Group of territories or nations ruled by a single ruler
Ch. 2.2 Vocab
- Delta
- Broad marshy area of land formed by deposits or silt where a river runs into a bigger body of water
- King Narmer
- King of Egypt that many believe united Upper and Lower Egypt.
- Pharaoh
- The god-kings of Egypt- Seen as alost as powerful as the gods of the heavens
- Theocracy
- Government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god
- Pyramid
- Large structure built as a resting place for rulers
- Mummification
- Process of preserving the body
- Usually reserved for the royalty and the rich
- Hieroglyphics
- Egyptian form of writing
- Papyrus
- What Egyptians wrote on
- Came from papyrus reeds found in marshy areas
Ch. 2.3 Vocab
- Indian Subcontinent
- Landmass that includes Pakistan, India and Bangladesh
- Monsoon
- Seasonal wings that can bring dry air or heavy rain - Huge impact on India
Ch. 2.4 Vocab
Mandate from Heaven-China
- A just ruler that has approved from the gods
- An unjust ruler can lose their mandate to rule
- Dynastic Cycle-China
- The rise, fall and replacement of dynasties
- Feudalism-
- A political system in which the king gives land to nobles/lords and in returns, they vow loyalty and military service to the king
- Used in China, Japan and Europe
Tuesday-
Continue vocab and notes ^^^^
Group activity- Sumerians
Topics to research- Sumerians
•Political: Who controls what? What type of government is there? Anything to do with laws or war. How/when did they came into power? How/when did they lose power?
•Economic: What type of economy? How do people make a living? How were social classes made up?
•Geography: Where is it? Does it have natural barriers? Is the land mountainous? Desert?
•Social: Religion, education, art, entertainment, gender roles
•Include any advances they made technologically, politically, etc.
Wednesday-
Worked on presentations
Thursday-
Worked on presentations
Friday-
Labor Day video
Present presentations
Babylonian Empire-
- Code of Hammurabi
- Officers ranging from matters such as witchcraft, military service, land and business regulation, family laws, wages, loans, and debts
- Economic
- Upper class- Awilu, nobles
- Lower Class- Mushkenu
- Parents could sell their children
- Men could sell their whole family
- Wardu- Slave
- Most slaves were prisoners of war
- Some Mushkenu were reduced due to certain offenses
- Social Hierarchy
- Kings
- Nobles
- Free citizens
- Military and Civil service
- Slaves
- Believed in Mythology
- Education- On being a scribe (copying documents)
- Language changed from Sumerian to Akkadian
- Marriage
- Had to be approved by parents
- Women's jobs
- Property, business, witness
- Men's Jobs
- Farmers, had main authority
- Adopted children weren't uncommon
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