Monday -
The golden age of Athens
- 477 - 431 BC
- Came about after Greece defeated the Persians.
- Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, and science flourished.
- Also known as the "age of Pericles"
- Led Athens in the Peloponnesian war.
Pericles' plan for Athens (461 - 429 BC)
- Three goals for Athens
- Strengthen Athenian democracy.
- Hold and Strengthen the empire.
- Glorify Athens.
Goal #1: Stronger Democracy
- Increase the number of paid government jobs which benefited people who were not wealthy.
- Instituted direct democracy.
- Citizens rule directly and not through elected representatives.
Goal #2: Strengthen the Empire
- Helped establish and eventually led the Dalian League after the Persian wars.
- Alliance of Greek city- state.
- Grew Athens navy.
- Started dominating other city - states which led to conflicts.
Goal #3: Glorify Athens
- Used money from the Delian League to hire artists, architects, and workers to build buildings and sculpture.
- Phidias was hired to build the Parthenon.
- Greek sculptors Focused on beauty, not realism
- Classical art focused in simplicity and being well proportioned.
Greek Drama - Tragedy and Comedy
- A tragedy was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal.
- The hero usually was an important person and often gifted with extraordinary abilities.
- A tragic flaw usually caused the hero's downfall, usually excessive pride.
- A comedy contained scenes filled with humor.
- Playwrights often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time.
- Aristophanes was a famous writer of comedies.
- The fact that Athenians could listen to criticism of themselves showed the freedom that existed in democratic Athens.
The start of the Greatest Subject in recorded history
- Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events.
- Thucydides believed that certain types of events and political situations recur over time.
- Studying those events and situations would aid in understanding the present
- The approaches Thucydides used in his work still guide historians today.
Peloponnesian War
- Fought between Athens and Sparta.
- Came about as a result of Sparta not liking Athens growth of wealth and Power in the area.
- Athens was acting like a bully.
- Sparta had a better army, Athens had a better navy.
- With the help of a plague that hit Athens, Sparta eventually won.
Tuesday -
Rise of the Philosophers
- A philosopher is someone who tried to explain the nature of life.
- After losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people in Athens turned to Philosophers for answers.
- Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Socrates 470-399 BC
- Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece.
- Socrates taught by asking questions.
- This method of questing is still called the Socratic method.
- Put on trial and found guilty for "corrupting the youth of Athens."
- Put to death-hemlock.
- "There is only one good, Knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
Plato
- Plato was a student of Socrates.
- He started a school called The Academy that lasted 900 years.
- Wrote The Republic
- The book talked about a perfectly governed society-not a democracy.
- In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups: farmers and artisans, Warriors, and the ruling class.
- The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king.
Aristotle 384 - 322 BC
- Aristotle was a student of Plato.
- He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc.
- Taught Alexander the Great.
- "He who studies how thing originated will achieve the clearest view of them.
King Philip II of Macedon 382-336 BC
- Goal was to take over all of Greece and then to get revenge by taking over the Persian Empire.
- Became King of Macedon in 359 BC.
Macedonions
- Lived in mountainous Villages, not city-states.
- Macedonians considered themselves to be Greek but ere looked down upon by the big city-states.
- Philip II built up his military and eventually invaded and defeated the Greek city-state.
- Used the phalanx and cavalry to great effect.
Wednesday - Mr. Bruns was gone so we watched a movie about Alexander the great
Thursday -
Alexander the II of Macedon 356-323 BC "Alexander the Great"
- Took over for his father, Philip, in 336 BC.
- Philip was assassinated at his daughter's wedding by a former bodyguard (pausaias).
- Ruled Greece and its' empire for only 13 years (336-323 BC).
- Due to his great accomplishments. became known as Alexander the Great.
- Was taught by Aristotle.
- Died from high fever-possibly from typhoid fever of malaria.
- After taking power, Alexander eliminated his opponents to the throne and then moved to consolidate Greece.
- Alexander then turned east to take over the Persian empire and achieve the goal of his father.
- After losing some battles, Darius III retreated quickly and offered Alexander all lands west of the Euphrates River.
- Alexander the Great refused Darius III"s offer and announced he would take the entire Persian Empire.
- In 332 BC, Alexander the Great moved into Egypt and "liberated" Egypt from the Persians.
- The Egyptians crowned Alexander pharaoh
- Founded the Egyptian city of Alexander.
- After conquering Egypt, Alexander moved into Mesopotamia and finished the job of defeating Darius II and the Persians.
- The capital of the Persian Empire, Persepolis ( in Iran), was burned by Alexander as possible revenge for the Persians burning Athens.
- Alexander would continue east into India where he eventually ran into a strong Indian army.
- His troops were tired-fighting for 11 years and traveled more than 11,000 miles.
- Even after defeating the Indian army in a battle, the monsoons of India were having an impact and Alexander agreed to turn back west.
- Alexander would die from disease not long after.
Alexander the Great's Legacy
- Greek Empire split into three sections
- Greek city-states led by Antoninus
- Egypt led by Ptolemy.
- Former Persian Empire ruled by Seleucus
- Leaders all ruled with absolute power.
- Cultural diffusion between east and west.
Friday -
Chapter 5 Section 5
- Hellenistic culture became common all throughout the Greek Empire.
- Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian cultures mixed
- Language-Koine
- Trade
- Cities
- Science and technology
- Philosophy, art and architecture
Mathematics
- Euclid established geometry.
- Archimedes estimated the value of pi and the law of the lever.
Comments