Monday - cold war
The Second Red Scare - 1947--1957:
Causes:
- Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial
- Found guilt of spying for the Soviets executed in 1953.
Causes of the 2nd Red Scare Cont.
- the iron curtain surrounding eastern Europe 1945.
- the USSR detonating their atomic bomb 1949.
- china became communist in 1949.
- the Korean war starting in 1950 (Domino effect).
- Stalin's actions in Germany-Berlin Blockade.
Alger Hiss Trial - 1950:
- In 1948, Alger Hiss was accused of being a member of a Communist group whose purpose had been to infiltrate the US government.
- Hiss maintained innocence throughout trials.
- In 1949, the trials ended with a hung jury-8-4 in favor of conviction.
- The second trial began later in 1949 and found Hiss guilty.
- Hiss' conviction was later upheld bu the Court of Appeals and the US Supreme Court.
- Hiss served 5 years in prison.
- In 1992, a former Soviet intelligence officer said that Hiss was not a Soviet spy, but rather a victim of Cold War hysteria.
East and West Germany - 1949 - 1990
Chiang Kai Shek vs Mao Zedong
Alien Registration Act of 1940(smith act)
- Made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the US government.
- Required all non citizen adult residents to register.
- Approximately 215 people were indicted under the Anarchists, and fascists.
- Prosecutions under the smith act continued until a the supreme court decision declared law unconstitutional in 1957.
McCarthy and McCarthyism:
- Joseph McCarthy(1908--1957) was a republican senator from Wisconsin.
- In 1950, he gave a speech where he claimed to have a list of 205 communists in the state department.
- No one in the press actually saw the names on the list, but McCarthy's announcement made national news and caused panic throughout the country.
- McCarthy became one of the most powerful people in the US.
Supporters of McCarthy:
- Republicans
- Catholics
- Conservative Protestants
- Blue-collar workers
- Joseph Kennedy and his family
McCarthy's Downfall:
- McCarthy's downfall finally began in October 1953, when he started to investigate communist infiltration into the military.
- This was the final straw for president Dwight D. Eisenhower, who realized that McCarthy's movement needed to be stopped.
- In late 1954, the senate voted to censure him for his conduct and to strip him of his privileges.
- McCarthy died three years later from alcoholism.
McCarthyism:
- the practice of making accusation of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.
House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC-1945 - 1975:
- this organization went after directors and doctors in Hollywood.
- the committee believed that films were spreading communist propaganda.
- they set up hearings to investigate the movie industry.
- Hollywood Ten
- each man was found guilty and sentenced to spend a year in prison and pay a $1,000 fine.
- Blacklisted Directors/Actors/Actresses.
US Test Hydrogen Bomb-1952:
- 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb.
- set off on Bikini Island in the Marshall Islands.
USSR Launches Sputnik-1957
Yuri Gagarin-1961:
- caused US to panic.
- JFK's Moonshot speech.
Francis Gary Powers Shot Down in USSR - 1960
Eisenhower Embarrassment:
- Khrushchev:
- I must tell you a secret. when i made my first report i deliberately did not say that the pilot was alive and well.........and now just look how many silly things(the Americans) have said.
Berlin Wall - 1961
Brandenburg Gate and Checkpoint Charlie:
- one check point to go from east to west Germany.
Tuesday - Cold war
Bay of Pigs
- What was it? invasion of Cuba of anti-Castro Cuban
- What were the results?
- How did it hurt president Kennedy?
Cuban missile crisis - October, 1962
Wednesday -
Thursday -
Friday - work day
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