Monday -
Colossus Of Rhodes
- Statues of Helois, Greek Titan god.
- Was made of bronze.
- Same size as Statue of Liberty.
- One of the 7 wonder of the Ancient World.
- Lasted just over 50 years due to earthquake.
- Believed to have been melted down and sold by Arab invaders.
The Temple/Statue of Artemis
- Built around 800 B.C.
- Artemis is the Greek Goddess of Fertility.
- The temple was destroyed several times due to wars.
- Current day archaeologist have found the foundations of 5 temples built on top of each other.
The statue of Zeus at Olympia
- Built around 450 BC.
- The statue was said to be made of gold and marble.
- Eventually destroyed after being then apart an moved.
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
- Built around 353 BC.
- Tomb was built by Queen Artemisia as a tribute to her husband/brother King Mausolus.
- Destroyed by earthquakes in the 1100 - 1400's AD.
- All that survive today are the foundations blocks.
Lighthouse of Alexandria
- The lighthouse was built in 280 BC.
- It was the worlds first lighthouse ( reflected sunlight by day/fire at night).
- Most likely destroyed by earthquakes from 956 - 1325 AD.
- Remains were found in the Mediterranean Sea in 1994
- Egypt is building an underwater museum for tourists.
Geography of Greece
- Greece is a small country in Europe
- The mail part of Greece in on a peninsula
- Greece is surrounded by what three large bodies of water?
- Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, and Ionian Sea
- The rest of Greece is made up of Islands
- 6000 (227 being inhabited)
Importance of Geography to Greece
- The sea was extremely important to the Greeks - Why?
- Did not live "on the land" but :around the sea".
- Most Greeks lived within 85 miles of the sea.
- Used the seas as a means of transportation.
- The sea linked all parts of Greece to other areas for trade which was essential due to lack of resources.
- Mountains covered around 3/4's of ancient Greece.
Mt. Olympus
- Home of the 12 Olympian Greek gods
12 Olympian Greek gods
- Zeus
- King of the gods, sky, thunder
- Hera
- Women , Marriage
- Demeter
- Harvest, Agriculture
- Poseidon
- Sea
- Athena
- Wisdom, Courage
- Apollo
- Music, poetry, healing
- Artemis
- The hunt, wild animals, childbirth
- Aphrodite
- Love, Beauty, Pleasure
- Ares
- War
- Hermes
- Transitions and boundaries
- Hephaestus
- Blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans
- Hestia
- Hearth, home, domesticity, family
- Dionysus
- Vine, Grape harvest, wine-making, wine
- Due to mountains, transportation over land was difficult.
- Greeks did not have much fertile land for agriculture.
- Due to these issues/ ancient Greece never had a large population - no more than a few million.
- These issues might have led some leaders to look to expand.
Tuesday -
Minoan Civilization
- 2000 - 1500 BC
- Heavily influence by the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations.
- Names after legendary Crete Kind of Minos of Greek mythology.
- Known for its trade on the seas.
- Due to its isolation on the island of Crete, Generally Peaceful.
Minoans
- Known for it's advanced cities - Knossos
- Not overcrowded, plumbing, toilets, sewers
- Known for women having much higher status than in earlier civilizations.
- Known for their art and pottery.
Downfall of the Minoans
- Around 1500 BC, the Minoan civilization ended abruptly.
- Historians think it could have been an earthquake which leveled cities and their ships.
- They could have been over ran by the Mycenaean.
- Some Historians think Minoan could have been Atlantis.
Mycenaeans
- Controlled the area around Greece from 1600 BC 1100 BC.
- Heavily influenced by the Minoans
- Much more war-like than Minoans (based on art)
- Known for their trade around the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean sea.
- Known for their piracy on the seas surrounding Greece.
- Known for their city-states-Athens, Mycenae, Pylos, Tiryns.
- Historians aren't sure if city-states were independent or more united.
- Mycenaean's did unite to fight the Trojan War against Troy.
- The Mycenaean's fell apart due to wars and the Seas people's sacking their city-states
- Eventually the Dorian's came down from the north and took over Greece.
Dorian's - 1150 - 750 BC
- Came from the area north of Greece
- Less advanced than the Mycenaean's
- Trade and culture slowed.
- Greece went into a Dark age.
Trojan war 1194 - 1184 BC
- Fought between Mycenaean Greeks and Troy
- War began after the abduction of Queen Helen of Sparta by the Trojan prince, Paris
- Helen's husband, Menelaus, convinced his brother Agamemnon, King of Mycenae, to lead an expedition to get her back.
- Agamemnon was joined by the Greek Heroes Achilles and Odysseus.
- They crossed the Aegean Sea and laid siege to Troy.
- Demanded Helen's return.
Wednesday -
Greek City-States
- Polis
- City - Minneapolis, Indianapolis
- Acropolis
- A settlement in a city on higher ground used for Dense and a place to discuss politics
Types of government in city-states
- Monarchy
- Government ruled by one person-king, queen.
- Aristocracy
- Government ruled by a small group of wealthy, landowning families.
- Oligarchy
- A government ruled by a few powerful people.
- Tyrant
- Powerful individuals who seize control from the government.
- could be good or bad.
- Today we see tyranny as a bad thing.
- Democracy
- Rule by the people.
- Athens had perhaps the world's first democracy.
- Only allowed citizens to participate.
- Women, slaves and foreigners were not citizens.
Education in greece
- Only for the sons of wealthy families.
- Started at age 7 and focused on developing good citizens.
- Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, music, logic and public speaking.
- Public debate and athletics were also stressed.
- Once older, students went to military school.
- Girls were educated by their mothers in the home to do cleaning, cooking, child-rearing, Etc.
Ancient Olympics
- Records of Olympics date to 776 BC and lasted until 393 AD when the Romans ended them.
- Lasted one day at first but eventually extended to five days.
- Happened every four years.
- Started as a tribute to Zeus and has a mythological origin.
- The modern Olympic Games started up again in 1896.
- The big competition at the games was the Pentathlon.
- Long jump
- Javelin
- Discus
- Stadion - 200 yards
- Wrestling
Greek City-state Sparta
- Sparta was very powerful and had its own army
- Defeated the Messenians in 725 BC and in 650 BC.
- Unlike Athens and other city-states, it did not have democracy.
- Built a military state.
- Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power.
- Valued duty, strength and discipline over freedom, beauty and learning.
Spartan Classes
- Only men born in Sparta were citizens.
- Women were not allowed to become citizens.
- The second class in Sparta were people who came form other city-states or other countries.
- They could own businesses but not become citizens.
- The third class were helots/slaves.
- Worked the fields or were servants.
Spartan Warriors
- Learning to read and write in Sparta was not very important.
- Training to become a good soldiers was stressed.
- Young boys left home at 7 and trained to be soldiers until they were 30.
- Athletics was also stressed.
Spartan Women
- Service to Sparta was stressed.
- Received some military training.
- Athletics were stressed.
- Had quite a bit of freedom in comparison to Athens.
- Could run family estates when husband was off at war.
Thursday - Work day
Friday - Work day
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