Monday - Finished Germany
Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Fuhrer
One people, one empire, one leader
Treaty of Versailles
- Territorial
- The follow land was taken away from Germany.
- Given to France
- Belgium
- Denmark
- Czechoslovakia
- Poland
- Military
- Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men; army was not allowed tanks.
- Germany was not allowed to have an air force.
- Was only allowed 6 capital naval ships and no submarines.
- Rhineland was made into a demilitarized zone
- No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone.
- Financial
- The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy.
- Coal from the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular.
- Germany had to pay $33 billion to the allies (GB/France).
- General
- Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. "war guilt clause".
- Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria.
- A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace.
The German Reaction to the Treat of Versailles
- There was anger throughout Germany when the terms were made public.
- The treaty was seen by many Germans as being forced on them and the Germans had no choice but to sign it.
- Many In Germany did not want the Treaty signed.
- German representatives in Paris knew that they had no choice as Germany was Incapable of restarting the war again.
- Blamed the "November Criminals" (the Weimer Republic) for accepting treaty.
Hitler was born in 1889, his parents died when he was really young.
Swastika - Thought as peace and love..
Hitler in Prison, his trial - 1924
- Sentenced for 5 years
- Served 9 months- good behavior
- Wrote a book in Prison called Mein Kampf
Tuesday -
Hitler rise to Power
- Hitler is appointed Chancellor in 1933.
- President Paul von Hindenburg dies Shortly after and Hitler dissolved the Weimer Republic.
- Early Actions of Hitler
- Drops out of the League of Nations.
- Starts rearming Germany.
- Rearms the German Rhineland area.
Munich conference
- Neville Chamberlain - Great Britain.
- Adolf Hitler - Germany.
- Benito Mussolini - Italy.
- Edouard Daladier - France
Munich Conference "peace for our time"
- Hitler was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.
- Hitler promised that he was done taking over territories.
- Hitler wanted to re-unite all German speaking people.
- Became known as the "policy of appeasement".
Hitler takes over all of Czechoslovakia - 1939.
Soviet - German Non aggression Pact
- German Ambassador von Ribbentrop and Soviet dictator Stalin laugh as signs the Nazi - Soviet Non - Aggression pact on august 23, 1939.
Nazi - Soviet Non Aggression Pact
- Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons.
- Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war.
- Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland. Germany would get the western half and USSR and eastern half.
- Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania.
How did the world react to the pact?
- Shocked
- Poland was scared.
- Hitler thought it would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked.
Blitzkrieg - lighting war
- Air force attacks enemy front- line and rear positions, main roads, airfields and communication center.
- Tanks units breakthrough main lines of defense and advance deeper into enemy territory.
- Infantry attacks enemy flanks in order to link up with other groups to complete the attack.
- Eventually encircle the enemy.
- Main force links up with other inits encircling and cutting off the enemy.
- Goal was to achieve victory as quickly as possible.
Sitzkrieg - The phony war
Wednesday - Career Fair
Thursday -
Battle of Britain:
Results:
- In May, 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities
- British losses-3,363 aircrew and 2,365 aircraft
- Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals
Germany Invasion if USSR-June, 1941:
- Final plan for operation Barbarossa
Scorched earth policy:
- Stalin demanded this of the soviet troops as they retreated
Battle for Moscow:
- the soviet winter counteroffensive, December 6, 1941--April 30, 1942
- The Russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point in the war
Battle of Stalingrad --> winter of 1942--1943(worst battle ever concerning deaths)
- around 2 million total casualties
Seige of Leningrad:
- On August 30th 1941, the Germans took over Leningrad's railroads cutting them off from the rest of Russia and the world
- unlike the battle of Stalingrad, the Germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission
- between November 1941 and October 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation
- people resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste and some resorted to cannibalism
- finally, successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad, drained necessary resources the Germans needed to continue the blockade, and eventually failed
- the Germans never took Leningrad, but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced-over 1 million died
D-day:
- the Germans knew it was coming
- the Germans built defensive barrier along the western coast of Europe
the battle of the bulge --> Hitler's Last offensive
Us and Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River(in Germany): April 25, 1945
After Hitler married his girlfriend, he committed suicide
Friday -
Nazi Propaganda:
- All propaganda must be so popular and on such an intellectual level, that even the most stupid of these toward whom it is directed will understand it......through clever and constant application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way around, to consider the most wretched sort of life as paradise.'' -------Adolf Hitler
The Holocaust:
- The genocide of approximately six million Europe Jews during WW2
- a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory
- Approximately 2/3 of the population of nine million Jews who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust died
- Some say that the definition of the holocaust should also include the Nazis' killing of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory
- by this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people
Who was inferior According to Hitler
- Jews (6 million dead)
- Gypsies (500,000 to 1.5 millions)
- Mentally/physically handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000)
- Soviet Slavs/POW's/troops - (16.5 million)
- Poles ( 2.5 millions dead)
- homosexuals (5-15 thousand dead)
- communists/socialists (many but number no confirmed)
- Dark skinned people (death and forced sterilization)
- Mixed races - The mulatto children came about through rape or the White mother was a whore," Adolf Hitler
- Jehovah's witnesses (2,500 - 5,000)
What is the Aryan Race:
- Nazis used term to refer to a so-called master race that originated around Germany
- Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular
- the original term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect
Lebensborn-Fount of Life:
- The program aimed to promote the growth of superior Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed fit
- houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories
- Many Lebensborn kids were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape
- Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan German
Hitler's Jewish Question - 1933
- Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933- never restored.
- The Nazis set up the first concentration camps at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 Communists.
- Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools.
- Most Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges.
Nuremberg Laws 1935
- Took away German citizenship form Jews thus making Jews second class citizen by removing their basic civil rights.
- Jews could only marry Jews.
- No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews.
1936
- Nazis boycott Jewish - owned businesses.
Kristallnacht -1938
- On the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938, the Nazis roamed through Jewish Neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting.
- In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed.
- 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
- Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack.
1938 - cont.
- All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in German and Austria.
- Nazis take control of Jewish- owned Businesses.
Hitler's Final Solution
- Genocide
What is Genocide?
- Genocide mean any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethical, racial, or religious, group-
- Killing members of the group.
- Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group.
- Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in while or in part.
- Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group.
- Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
- Member Countries must "undertake to prevent and punish."
1939
- Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria.
- Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars.
1940
- Nazis begin departing German Jew to Poland.
- Jews are forced into ghettos.
- Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland.
1941
- Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos.
- In two days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar - the largest single massacre of the Holocaust.
- The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews.
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