Monday-
What did the US do to ensure that communism didn't take over the US?
The Palmer raids
-The Palmer raids were a series of raids conducted by the department of Justice to capture and arrest suspected radicals and deport them from the US
-The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and january 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover
-Radicals started after there were strikes that got national attention, race riots in more than 30 cities, and 2 sets of bombings in April and June 1919, including one bomb mailed to Palmers home
-More than 500 foreign citizens were deported during the raids
-Sacco and Vanzetti case
In 1920, two men robbed and murdered a frymaster and his guard as they transferred $15,776 from the Slater and Morrill Shoe factory
Due to the anti-immigration, anti-communist times of the Red Scare, two italian immigrants and known anarchists, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, were accused and arrested of the crime, despite little evidence
Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted on circumstantial evidence of capital murder and sentenced to death
Sacco and Vanzetti appealed their convictions but they lost and were executed in 1927
What happened to immigration in the 1920’s?Why?
They might be communist and we want communist out
-The immigration act of 1924 greatly reduced immigration
--The law was aimed at restriction immigration of Southeastern European, Eastern Europeans, and Jews
--Severely restricted the immigration Africans and prohibited the immigration of Arabs, East Asians, and Indians
--the purpose of the act was “to preserve the ideal of American homogeneity”
President Harding, coolidge, Hoover
All 3 republican, “A car in every garage, a chicken in every pot”-Hoover
Republican Philosophy-1920s
Tuesday-
Republican Philosophy
-bring back conservation
-lower taxes, high tariffs, less government
-lower immigration
-Trickle down theory (lower taxes get people jobs)
Laissez faire(government stays out)
-Rugged individualism (working hard on your own)
-A return to: “Normalcy”(Focusing on america)
-Teapot Dome Scandal (Albert Fall)
-Taking money from oil companies
Warren Harding's Death
-58 when he died
-Most likely died of a heart attack
Calvin Coolidge
-Took over after Harding's death
Wednesday-
Airplanes
Marry carrying
Transporting small groups of people
Military
Entertainment
Major feats
Rural vs. Urban
1920 Census- 51.2 % people lived in cities of 2,550+
In 1922/29- more than 2 million people moved from farms to the cities each year
Rural areas tried to hold onto moral values and close social relationships
Prohibition “the noble experiment”
The 18th Amendment 1920-33
-The manufacture sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages was illegal
Prohibition
-Used for medicine and religious purposes
-Prescriptions and sacramental wine orders skyrocketed
The colstead act created the Prohibition Bureau to enforce the law
Prohibition failed for three reasons
- People despised it. Saw it as government meddling in peoples lives
- The Prohibition Bureau was enderfunded. Had 1,500 people to supercise the country
- Organized crime became common
Bootlegging in the 1920’s
Illegally making or distributing alcohol
Bootleggers
-People that made or transported alcohol
-named because people carried liquor in the legs of boots
-Most imported alcohol came in from canada, Cuba, or the West Indies
The biggest threat to the bootleggers was not the Prohibition Bureau or police but Hijacking
Moonshine
-Alcohol made secretly in home made stills
-Several hundred m=people a year died from drinking moonshine during the 1020s
-In 1929 it is estimated that 700 million gallons of beer were produced in American homes
Speakeasies
-To obtain alcohol illegally, people went underground to secret bars called Speakeasies(Quiet, hush hush)
-Speakeasies could be anywhere
-To be admitted a card or password had to be given
Organiszed crime
-Came about as a result of Prohibition
-every major city had it’s gang
-Al Capone’s bootlegging business in Chicago made over $60 million a year
-Due to gang violence, only 19% of Americans supported Prohibition by 1925
-Prohibition was repealed in 1933 by the 21st Amendment
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