Central Powers-
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Turkey-Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
Allied Powers-
Great Britain
Russia
United States
France
Italy
Causes of WWI
Militarism
Imperialism
Nationalism
Economic Competion
System of Alliones
Assasination of Archduke Ferdinand
Rifles
bolt action
fire up to 1400m
Springfield
Winchester
Remington
Flame thrower
back to 5th century BC
Germans tested 2 models
Kleinflammenwerfer-designed for portable use
Grossflammenwerfer-not transportable by single person
Machine Guns
caused most deaths
to heavy to portable weapon
Vickers Gun
Malsen Gun
Maschinengewehr 08
Tanks
got stuck easily
brought in battle of Fler-Courcelette
run about 4 mph
Poison Gas
ended trench war
first used by French
4% of deaths in War
Chloride
Mustard
Tear
Genades
Germans used over 70,000 in 1914
Battle of Pozieres Heights largest grenade battle in 1916
Mills bomb
Trenches
dug by hand nonstop
safe base of hiding
Front Line
Support
Reserve
Air Force
scout enemy locations
planes became able to hold bombs
dog fights-planes vs planes
machine guns were mounted
Manfred von Richthofen- Red Baron, German, over 80 victories
Navy
Transporting Soldiers and Supplies
US manufactured over 100,000 Naval mines
U-Boats can travel 2 hours underwater
can hold about 35 men, 12 torpedoes, and 214 feet long
Causes of US involvment in War
Great Britain and Germany stopping U.S. ships
Germany sinking British ships and killing US Citizens
Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex
Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare
Zimmerman's message
Describes German's plan to get Mexico against US to keep us out of WWI, word got out and got us angry
Beliefs of War Hawks
People who want war
Teddy Roosevelt
Trade with England increased
German trade decreased
3 billion in 1916 with England
British and American Propaganda
False advertisement pushing people to want war
Preparedness Program (1916)
US started arming and preparing for war
American Business
munition business pushed US into war to make money
Willson's 14 Points
1. No more secret agreements
2. Free navigation of all seas
3. An end to all economic barriers between countries
4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers
5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be treated equally
6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop own political set-up.
7. Belgium should be independent before the war
8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine(territory taken by Germany)
9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to be "along clearly recognizable lines of nationality."
10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary.
11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states
12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves
13. An independent Poland should be created which should be access to the sea.
14. A league of nations (organization) should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.
Armistice
agreement signed by representatives of France, Great Britain and Germany
Ended fighting in Western Europe and prevented Germany from future war
Germany impact
give up munitions, airplanes, warships and submarines
payed over 35 billion dollars in damage
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