Monday- We talked about semester tests: You can do it in a group or individual, and we talked about World War 1
Group- 4 questions for the group to do and each person in the group would talk about a question
Individual- Have to write an essay and have to do the questions by yourself
WW1 Extra Credit-10 points
- Research a battle of WW1 and create a PowerPoint on it focusing on the following information
- Who Fought
- Date(s)
- Where was the battle
- Casualties
- Who won
- Why was the battle significant
- Be sure to include maps, pictures, and your sources
WW1 powers
- Allied Powers
- Russia
- France
- Italy
- Great Britain
- Serbia
- Albania
- United States
- Portugal
- Ireland
- Japan
- Central Powers
- German Empire
- Austria Hungary
- Bulgaria
- Ottoman Empire
- Neutral Powers
- Spain
- Norway
- Sweden
Characteristics of Europe Late 1800's and Early 1900's
- Very nationalistic
- Willing to go to war to protect interests and national honor
- Industrialization was occurring
- Population was increasing
- People were moving from rural areas to the city-urbanization
- Many people were in poverty
- Due to poverty, many people turned to labor unions and socialism
- Countries competed with one another for markets, raw materials and colonies
- Countries also traded a lot with each other: countries hated each other but they also relied on each other
- Imperialism became common
- Created "sphere's of influence" in Africa and Asia
- Alliances developed
- Armies and Navies were built up(Militarism)
Major causes of WW1
- Militarism- Building up your military
- Imperialism
- Nationalism
- Economic Competition
- Alliances
- What is an alliance- Teaming up with somebody else either during war or not during war
- If Countries are forming alliances, What does that say about the world? A war is about to break out
Powderkeg-Balkan Peninsula (by Greece)
- All different ethnic groups hated each other (they feared that something would cause them to explode)
Austria-Hungary
- It was a multi-national, dual monarchy
- It had eleven major ethnic groups
- Austrians and Hungarians were the two largest
- Both made up less than 50% of the population
- Many different languages, religions, and customs
- The government hated nationalism. Why?- Because they are nationalist to their country
Assassination
- The government despised Serbians and Serbia
- "The Serbian Menace"
- Serbia wanted to make the Serbians living in Austria-Hungary, part of a "Greater Serbia"
- The black hand was created in Serbia
- secret organization whose goal it was to unite all Serbs by any means necessary
- Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia in Sarajevo Igniting the Powderkeg, starting WW1
Chain of events
- A. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
- B. Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia
- C. Serbia refuses to accept ultimatum
- D. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
- Only after germany gives them a promise of support
- E. Russia mobilizes to support Serbia
- F. Germany declares war on Russia
- G. France enters war to help Russia
- H. Great Britain enters to help France
WW1 War Goals
- There weren't any real goals at first but as time went on and casualties and costs increased, winning territory was a must
- France
- Wanted to get land and cripple Germany's military
- Great Britain
- Wanted colonies from Germany and Turkey
- Italy
- Wanted land from Austria-Hungary
- Russia
- Wanted land from Turkey
- Austria-Hungary
- Wanted to survive the war as a nation
- Germany
- Wanted land from all over
- To make Austria-Hungary and the Balkans a "sphere of influence"
- United States
- Win and end the war
- Wilson's 14 points
- The Von Schlieffen plan
- Germany was going to invade France through Belgium with a surprise attack
- Did not work, it took weeks instead of days
- Germany was going to invade France through Belgium with a surprise attack
Trenches (three types of trenches)
- Front Line
- Support
- Reserve
- "No man's land"
Neutrality
President Wilson declared that the U.S. was to be neutral when WW1 broke out.
- "Impartial in thought as well as in action"
- Neutrality was successful for three years
1916 Election
- Woodrow Wilson (democrat)- Incumbent
- Charles Evans Hughes (republican)
- Wilson Won
- Platform was: "He kept us out of war"
Causes for U.S. involvement in WW1
- Great Britain and Germany were both stopping U.S. ships
- Eventually, U.S. drew closer to war and the Allies.
- Why
- German sinking of British ships and killing of U.S. citizens
- Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex
- Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare
1. Sussex Pledge
- President Wilson to Germany: "End the attack on unarmed ships or risk the severing of diplomatic relations"
- Germany responded on May 4, 1916 with the "Sussex Pledge." German submarine policy:
- end the sinking of passenger ships
- Search merchant ships for contraband and make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking merchant ships
- The German guarantees were generally honored until the announcement of the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in February
2. The Zimmerman Note
- Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the United States
- Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won
- Germany wanted to keep the U.S. out of Europe
3. Beliefs of War hawk
- Teddy Roosevelt
4. Trade with England Increased
- Trade with Germany decreased as years went on
- $3 billion in 1916 with England
5. British and American Propaganda
6. Preparedness Program (1915)
- U.S. started arming and preparing for war
7. American Business
- Munitions business pushed the U.S. into war to make money
People during the war
- General John Pershing
- American "dough-boys"
The Home-front
- refers to what people did back in the U.S. to help win the war
- Every country has their own home-front
Tuesday- Still working on World War 1 presentation (All notes are above)
Wednesday- Study day for semester tests
Thursday- Did a quick review for the test started talking about trench warfare
Friday- Talking about World War part 2. Went over semester test schedule times
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