Classical Greece
Sea
-allowed for great opportunity for trade and travel
-important because it allowed Greece to get the natural resources that it lacked: timber, precious metals, usable farmland
Land
-Rugged mountain covered about 3/4 of ancient Greece
-Mountains were often the divider for different regions
-Played a big role in wars. Hard to move through the mountains with large army
Climate
-Upper 40's in winter
-Lower 80's in summer
-The climate allowed for many different outdoor activities
3 big players
Minoan Influence
-Minoans- created an elegant civilization that had great power that started around 3000 BC
-Minoans culture influenced the Mycenaean
-Writing, Language
-Design
-Trade
-Used ships to trade goods
Mycenaean Develops
-The Mycenaeans were heavily influenced by the Minoans
-They came fro Indo-Europeans migrants
-Dominated Greece from 1600- 1200 BC
Dorian
-Spoke a kind of Greece
-Not as advanced as the other, no writing system
-Focused more on storytelling
-best story teller- Homer
Dorian Period
-Dorian and the Mycenaean people started to identify less with culture of their ancestors and more with the local area
-Government made the transition from tribal or clan control to more formal governments called city-states
Government
-a polis was made p of a city and its surrounding countryside, which would include numerous villages
-citizens of the polis would come together to meet at an acropolis to discuss their city government
-not all city stated had the same form of government
Monarchy
-State ruled by a king
-rule is hereditary
-some rulers claim that they have a divine right to rule (it was gods will to govern the people- divine right)
-practiced in Mycenae by 2000 BC
Aristocracy
-state ruled by nobility
-rule is hereditary and based on ties, social rank, wealth
-Social status and wealth support rulers' authority
-Practiced in Athens prior to 594 BC
Oligarchy
-State ruled by a small group of citizens
-rule is based on wealth and/or ability
-ruling group controls the military
-practiced in Sparta by 500 BC
Direct Democracy
- state ruled ny the citizens
-rule based on citizenship- just because you live in Athens dosent mean that you are a citizen, must own land. ect.
- majority rule decides vote
-practiced in Athens by 500 BC
Athens
-About the 600 BC, Athens was taking steps towards a democracy
-there were major reforms for the next 100 years that would eventually lead to a democracy starting around 500 BC
-Key Players
-Draco
-Developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under law
-he had very harsh punishments for nearly any crime
-he believed in debt slavery
-the word "Draconian" has come to mean "Extreme cruelty or severity"
-Solon
-Stated that no citizen should own another
-organzed Athens into four social classes based on wealth
-Only top three classes could hold political office
-However, all four could participate in the Ath
-Cleisthenes
-broke Athens up based on region that the citizens lived instead of wealth (10)
-he increased the power of the assemblu by allowing all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage
-Created the Council of five hundred
-proposed laws
-conseled the assembly
-members were chosen at random
Limited Democracy
-the reforms allowed for a limited democracy
-however but all people were citizens
-requirements:
-Free
-adult
-property owner
-born in Athens
Sparta
-located in the southern part of Greece
-was cut off from the rest of Greece by the Gulf of Corinth
-Government
-Several branches
-assembly, all citizens, elected officials and voted on major issues
-council of Elders, 30 older citizens, proposed laws on the assemblu to vote on
-5 elected officials that carried out the laws that were passed ny the assemble
-2 kings that ruled over Sparta's military
Athens vs. Sparta
-Compare and contrast
-purpose of education for boys and girls
-responsibilities of citizens and noncitizens
-roles of women in society
-opportunities for artistic expression
-military
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