Mr. Bruns made a funny joke about grading presentations. Here are the questions we are supposed to answer because they will be test questions.
Ch. 5.1:
-Describe Native American culture.
Nature. Blending in with nature and being in harmony with them is what they wanted to do.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?
We would move them just to take what we wanted, not caring much about their locations. Battle of Little Bighorn is where the Native Americans killed all of our troops, and the Battle of Wounded Knee was the last battle between Native Americans and white men.
-Describe a cowboy's life.
Fought Indians often, drove them hundreds of miles from Texas to Kansas. Normally they worked for large companies to the railroads up north.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?
People moved west to settle the land that they could get for free.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
There were farmers that could just go straight onto other peoples land.
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
The Open Range allowed people to have cows go across land and be on other peoples land. The Great Plains were between the Missouri and the Rocky Mountains.
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
Native Americans, lack of supplies, and high costs.
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?
Farmers and alliances. AKA The Peoples Party. They wanted education for farmers, and it gave them a way to fight the railroads. They came up with the idea of Graduated Income Tax, which we still have today. They also had many ideas, like secret ballot, 8 hour workday, and restrictions. They wanted money to be valued from gold and silver.
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
Many colonies, so they could take resources, had much money to do whatever they wanted. Oil was found in Pennsylvania in 1859. Steel wasn't popular in the early 1800's because it was too difficult to make - the Bessemer Process is what made steel easier and cheaper to make. Laissez faire - government staying out of businesses.
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
Cars, lights, phones. They made life much easier, and had allowed more personal time. The rich got more rich, and the poor got more poor.
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
They allowed people to get across country faster, safer, and easier. First transcontinental route
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
Very harsh conditions, dangerous. There were many native american attacks. Farmers liked them because they could send goods everywhere, but they charged too much for transporting. The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) would check on the railroads to make sure they are following rules.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
Farmers alliance to help farmers fight against railroads.
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
Made the steel empire in Pennsylvania, made the US Steel Corporation. He started very poor and worked since he was young.
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
John D. Rockefeller took over almost all of the businesses in his area and around the country so he could make and charge more money. He made a large amount of money of many people
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
Survival of the fittest. Good businesses grew, bad ones failed
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
They had many little companies come together to make a large company and charged more for them. Horizontal integration - Buying all of the same types of businesses, like all oil production facilities. Vertical integration - Buying all of the things used in your bushiness - oil fields, refineries, transportation, and distribution places. The Sherman Trust Act is supposed to break up monopolies.
-How did the government try to regulate business?
To stop monopolies
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
Organizations formed to stop bad working conditions. Higher pay, shorter hours, more benefits, and safer work.
-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
Yes, they got shorter work days and more money.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US?
To get a better life, for more money, jobs, or religion.
Where did immigrants come from?
All over the world
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
People that didn't want them here, hard times, and trying to get over here there was death on ships and vehicles here.
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
Too many people, and they take our jobs but they can also help create them. Limits on numbers, where they could come from, and what they could do.
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
Much immigration, many people going to cities to look for work.
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?
Over populated, not enough transportation, water quality, not enough places to get what they needed, sanitation wasn't maintained so there was very bad heath problems. Very bad crime, and many fires because they were so close together.
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
Clean up trash
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
Organization of people who would try to get a group of people elected, and ran many day to day things.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
Boss Tweed was in charge of the Democratic Party and was very corrupt. He ran the police, so he wasn't fired or arrested. The Tweed Ring was his group of people that would defraud the city and take all the money.
What caused all this corruption in government?
Dishonest people, lack of rules, and the Spoils System. Whoever wins office, can a point people of the same party.
What laws came about to reform government?
The Penalton Civil Service Act
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
Where they could work, eat, ride a bus, or do anything. Jim Crow laws allowed segregation.
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
They said that segregation was okay, as long as they were equal. There could be separate places like schools, as long as it was equivalent to the white's.
The Poll Tax and Literacy Test were passed to make it very difficult to vote because they had to pay and and prove they could read and write. The Grandfather Clause allowed it to be that if your grandfather could vote before 1864, you could vote too.
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