Dorian Period-
City-states=formal governments
Polis- city and surrounding countryside (include numerous villages)
Acropolis-where the people of the polis would meet
not all city-states had the same form of gov't
Monarchy-
ruled by king
rule is hereditary
some rulers claim that they have a divine right to rule
practiced in Mycenae by 2000 B.C.
Divine right-god told them they had the right to rule
Aristocracy-
ruled by nobility
rule is hereditary and based on ties, social rank, wealth
Social status and wealth support rulers' authority
practiced in Athens prior to 594 B.C.
Oligarchy-
state ruled by a small group of citizens
rule is based on wealth and/ or ability
ruling group controls the military
practiced in Sparta by 500 B.C.
Direct Democracy-
State ruled by the citizens
rule is based on citizenship
majority rule decides vote
practiced in Athens by 500 B.C.
not everyone is considered a citizen
Athens-
About 600 B.C, Athens was taking steps towards a democracy
there were major reforms for the next 100 years that would eventually lead to a democracy starting around 500 B.C
Key Players-
Draco-
Developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under law
he had very harsh punishments for nearly and crime
he believed in debt slavery
the word "draconian" has come to mean "extreme cruelty or severity"
Solon-
stated that no citizen should own another
organized Athens into four social classes based on wealth
only top three classes could hold political office
however all four could participate in the Athenian assembly
Cleisthenes-
Broke Athens up based on region that the citizens lived in instead of wealth
he increased the power of the assembly by allowing all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage
created the council of five hundred
-proposed laws
-counseled the assembly
-members were chosen at random
Limited Democracy
citizenship requirements-
-free
-adult
-property owner
-born in Athens
Sparta
Located in the southern part of Greece
Was cut off from the rest of Greece by the Gulf of Corinth
Government
-Assembly, all citizens, elected officials and voted on major issues
-Council of elders, 30 older citizens proposed laws on the assembly to vote on
-five elected officials that carried out the laws that were passed by the assembly
-two kings that ruled over Sparta's army
Compare of contrast Purpose of Education for boys and girls in Sparta and Athens
The spartan boys went away to public school system at age 7 to encourage a well-drilled military machine, were as the Athenians did not send their sons away and preferred to have their children more rounded with many subjects. The Spartans also sent away their daughters so they could learn things such as wrestling, gymnastics and combat skills, where as in Athens, the daughters stayed home to learn how to be a good wife from her mother. If the Athenian family wanted to have a learned daughter, they could hire a private tutor to instruct her on her studies.
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