Justice Katy Austin. Chapter five two notes- Settling on the Great plains. Rail Roads moving west. 1862 crongress passed pacific bill railroad which granted public land and funds to build a transcontinental railroad. two groups were building the rail road started in the different parts. work was very hard. mojority of the work force were chinese. Both companies wanted to race to see how far they could get. Golden Spike was where the two RR met. Promintary point utah 1869. Signified our country coming together. Homestead Act- Gave right to and citizen recived 160 acres in the west. Many people had no idea what they were doing. Some of them did know but didn't have any water. kind of failed. why did people move west? homestead act. RR. There was free land. Cattlers, miners, and wood cutters. Only ten percent actually settled who were suppose to stay.. In less than a day over two million people took land in the state in Oklahoma.People got land before the government opened it up. Why they're called the Sooner State.
Dugouts and Soddies. the settlers built their homes into hills because there weren't many trees. Advantages- it was got in the winter and cold in the summer. Disadvantages- everytime it rained it would leak into the house. What was it like living on the Great Plains (stuggles) Lack of trees. The Women helped the men in the fields Shaved the sheep to make clothing. had to do all the larbor indoors. cooking cleaning and raising children. Argricultural eucations- supported act by national government. It was because olf that morril act of 1862 and 1890 allowed land to be givin to states so they would hlep finance agricultual The Hatch act of the 1887 allowed agricultural experimiment stations to help farmers.
Colsing the Frontier- Henery Washburn and Nathaniel Langford wanted congress to pass an act protectsing the wilderness. They were expanding so quicks. --Yellow stone came to be. 1879- Department of Interior forced Railroads to give up their western landholdings. Land holdings were in equal go ghe area of N.Y. N.J. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. 1890 there were was not frontier, scared people because the nation was always expanding, but they didn't have many places to expand to. *Islands) Hard for famers to create homestead. durings 1800 and 1900 many machines were made to help farmers farm. steel plow, grain mill, reaping machine, spring tooth harrow and barbed wire, corn binnder. in 70 years a whole bushel of grain went from 183 to 10 mintures. It was really hard to be a farmer. Farmers in debt. Machienery was expensive. had to borrow money from everyone they knew. a lot of them couldn't pay it back. RR companies created bonaza farms with one type of crop. on miles of land. most of the farms were ran by companies.. plains experienced droughts. After the drought the bonaza frams went bank rupt. RR's started charging a lot more money for the farmers of the West.
Section three- what problems did famers face? Who are the populous what did
they belive in? Farmers were in bad finacial stages. and had bad land. Rake in new ground, Paying for new farn things. Economy was changing, and prices of crops were going down, Out west the rail roads had no competition and could charge how ever much they wanted. Value of money was going up and prices went down, Blans Allision Act required the government ti coin 2 to 4 million a year. Patrons of Husbandry- to inform farmers what was going on. then turned into making RR's change ways so it wasn't as expensive. Realized that if they come together and protest, they will get more done.They had 4 million members. Populism- the movemont of the people born because of farmers and othe common people. Demands- wanted the burned of debt on farmers to be liftes. Wanted a greater voice in their government. Money, graduated income tax, federal lan program, election by popular vote, single terms for presidents and vice. Secret ballet to end vote and fraudm, Eight hour work day, and restrictions on immigration. in 1882 a populist canidate won about 10% of all the votes. 5 senators and three govenors. about 1,500 state legislators. Panic of 1893. farmers were getting too many debts and too many loans. Philadelphia and the Reading RR went bankrupt. With all of these issues people stated to panic and started to traid their money for gold. Mines opend\ed. Midwest farmers suffered droughts which drove their land value down. Silverite- inflation.
What caused the Industrial Revolution to take off in the late 1800's and what inventions? Cleavland was one of the fastest growing cities. It was on the shore of lake Erie which gave them access to raw materials and made efficient trader. Clother- peak 1920's aftrer depression they lost colse to everything. in 1840 iron in britain went from 1.3 milling to 6.7 million tons in eighteen seventy. Oil complanies startded in Cleavland. John D Rockerfeller was a big power house with the oil. Thomas Edison established the first labatory, in 1880 pattened light bulb. Christorpher Sholes invented the type writter. Alexander bell and Tomas watcson invented the phone. 1870 made up 5% 1910 40% work force was women. After civil was the country relied on agriculter. 60 years later it became the most industrial country in the world. Reasons- source of natural reasources, support from the goverenment, growing population, and cheap labor. inventions, oil, the besmer process- cheaper way to make steel. Rail Roads Steel is stronger and lasts longer. Allowed suspension bridges and sky scrapers. Why were people upset with the rail roads? How did they start? George M. Pullman created a town for his rail roads. Company town. RR provided reliable ways for transfer. A lot quicker. Government gave RR companies a lot of land and grants to expand. 1869 2 RR crossed at Promontry Utah, Transcontinetal RR is one that travles across the country. United our country. RR made peoples dreams possible. White people got paid and treated a lot better while working. Racism. RR workers got attacked by Indians. 2000 were killed. Professor C.F. Dowd came up with time zones. Things RR's brought- Made Iron steel coal and lumber industries better. Chicago used it the most. George M Pullman came up with a storge untit to store unused cars. A lot of Stock trades happened with RR. Officers secretly took 23 million dollars. The grange was a group of people who fought against the RR's. RR companies were being unfair when charging. The Grange was mad at the government because they would sell land to RR's and not farmers. They ended up setting a flat rate for everyone. RR companies did not like this. They went to trail. Supreme Court sided with the Grange Law 7 to 2 (a state could set a flat rate) Gov. discovered they couldn't charge people the same going from state to state. 1897 they couldn't set a set rate anymore. They were got it back in 1902. 6-3 Andrew Carnagey and Rockerfeller, what was social Dominance. Carnegie, entered the steel company. Usedthe vertical and horizontal intregration. 1899 the Carnegie Steel Company produced steel then all the factories in G.B. started off very poor. bought out suppliers (verticle) Horitzontal- they owned everthing so they could sell anything for the price you want. Buying out another steel company, so they have control. Social Darwinism- explains the process of natural selection (Charles Darwin) Survival of the fitest. John D Rockerfeller controlled the largest oil complany in the unites states, Used monopolies. Rockerfeller was the worlds richest man in the first American Billionare. Many people did not like him. He would go to business and show them how they could make more money if the two of them combined. Rockerfeller used trusts to grow his oil company. In 1890 the sherman anti-trust act made it illegal to form a monopoly. The buisiness boom by passed the south. Forced them to bake into. Conoco, Amaco- bought by B.P., Chveron Oil, Mobile. Labor Uninion- group of woking people. in 1882 165 laboreres were killed each week. Child Labor 5-15 1890-1910 women employment doubled. Men paid almost twice as much, Children not to nothing. They didn't get compinsated. 1866 the first labor union was formed. NLU 640,000 people. Nights of labor, open to everyone wanted 8 hour work day. equal pay for everyone. 1886 700,000 members they deckubed after failure of strike. Industiral workers of the world. IWWW Miners, limberers, cannery, and dock workers. Wobblies were very socialistic. Great strike of 1887, workers for the Baltimore Ohio RR went on strike. Traffic convered over 50,000 miles. It was stopped over a week, after their second wage class. Haymarket Affair, 3000 people gathered there. the night before a bomb was thrown. Turned the the press against the L.U. Homestead Strike. Henery Colay Frick cut wages. they had a battle let to 3 dectetives 9 workers dead. the plan was closed until July 12th. The strile continued till Novermber. Took over 45 years for the union to come back together.
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