Architecture of the Golden Age of the Athenians
- Key Buildings
- the Acropolis was the main group of buildings in Athens that looked over the city
- sacred area that is one of the most recognizable monuments in the world
- 9 years to build and was completed in 438 BC
- cost $3 billion in today's money
- The Parthenon and other buildings on the acropolis were all built between 460ad-430 BC under the leadership of Pericles
- used for political and cultural
- cost over $3 billion in today's money
- built between 447bc and 432BC
- it was one of the biggest construction projects of the ancient world
- The Porch of Caryatids has six columns holding up the roof are
- all female figures were each sculptured differently and engineered so that their slender necks could take the weight of the roof and; still look in real and elegant
- started building in 421 BC -406 BC
- cost $130 million to build
- Greek art in the Golden age
- the most divine, and complex sculptures of this time are the sculptures of the Athenian Acropolis
- the earliest of these are the Parthenon sculptures. In time soon became a church
- built between 447BC-432BC
Purpose of buildings
- buildings were built to show cultural and political achievements of Athens
- Others were used to honor gods and goddesses such as Athena
- the goddess Nike also had buildings to worship
- Athens has walls that would surround the city for protection and defense
- Buildings were used for many reasons such as praise and worship buy and sell items, drama, educations and law making
The Parathenon
- The famous Parthenon building is to worship the great Goddess Athena
- a temple to honor and praise
- celebrate the ending of the Athens war with Persia
The Agora
- towns people would come here to buy and sell their goods with each other
- marketplace
- food-lettuce onions alive oil wine
- house items furniture...
Theater of Dionysus
- was meant for dramatic plays
- social life
- many big events
- pure comedy
- actor or watched
Gymnasium
- children would go to get education
- 6 or 7 left homes to go to the school
- boys and girls were separate
- parents had to pay for the private schooling
- big all kids went
Pnyx
- Athenians would go to this building to gather around and decide on the laws and rules of the town
Key Players
Pericles' plan for Athens was to get the greatest Greece architects to build things
Socrates
- lived from 470-399BC
- son of a sculptor
- served in the Athenian army during the clash with Sarta
- He was short and stout and not very handsome
- was attracted to a young boy soldier
Plato
- lived from 437-347
- Socrates prized student in philosophy
- Aristocles was his real name
- Pirates captured him and his friends tried to buy him back
Aristotle
- lived from 384-322 BC
- born in small greek colony called Stagira
- he was a teacher of thirteen year old Alexander for 4 years
Military and Delian League
Tactics
- phalanx-formation used in battle of Marathon around 500 BC
- one major downside to it used against cavalry
- the horses in the cavalry could quickly ride around the phalanx and attack the weak side
- Athenians used mountains for natural protection
Naval Warfare
- athens used naval warfare during the Pelopnnesian
War - shipped grain and food into city
- used ships called trireme
- fought by ramming and boarding enemy ships
- major naval force
Key players
Pericles
- politician, democrat
- general
- Athenian
- ruled Athens from 461-429 BC
- led victories in the Peloponnesian and Persian war
Socrates
- philosopher
- Athenian
- scrutinized athens praised Sparta
- not well liked for that reason
Plato
- student of Socrates
- wrote the dialogues that contain most of Socrates ideas
Aristotle
- student of Plato
- teacher to Alexander the Great later in life
Archemides
- well known mathematician
- first to calculate Pi
- Pythagoras
- developed the pythagorean theorem
Delian League
- Coalition of Greek states and Athenians
- founded in 478BC
- under the control of Athens
- HQ was in Delos
Goals
- free Ionian Greeks from Persia
- protect Aegean Sea
- used sea power
- Athens was the leader
- Persia was run out of the Aegean Sea
Famous Battles
Persian War
- Major battles: Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis
- Marathon
- 25,000 Persians met 10,000 Athenians
- Persains fled after hours of gightin
- around 6,000 Persians died while there were very few Athenians
Thermopylae
- 7,000 Greeks and 300 Spartans
- Stood up to the Persians for a long time
- Persains fouodn a way around the mountain
- Spartans let Greeks flee and stayed to fight
- all 300 died
Salamis
- Greeks abandoned Athens
- Fought with their naval forces
- destroyed most of Persian fleet
- formed the Delian League to protect city
Peloponnesian War
- broke out in 431 and went until 404
- Battle of Pylos
- 425 bc
- Athenian naval forces were out attacking Zacynthus
- Spartan troops decided to attack walled city called pylos
- over 2000 Spartan troops
- tried attacking sea side wall
- Spartans failed to capture Pylos before the Athenian naval fleet could return
- tried blocking
Weaponry and Armor
- Swords
- Iron knives compared to bronze knives
- arrowheads
- sling bullets-steel and clay
- shield-bronze
- archery
- spears
Comments