Architecture of the Golden Age of Athenians -
Key Buildings: the acropolis main group of buildings that look over city. sacred area that is on of the most recognizable monuments in the world.
Cost and time of the acropolis - tool 9 years to build was completed in 438 BC, cost 3 billion in todays money
The parathenon and other building o the acropolis were built between 460 and 430 BC under the leadership of Percles. It was used for political and cultural achievments
Cost and time of Parthenon - cost 3 billion in todays money, between 477 and 432 BC, biggest construction projects of ancient world
The Porch of Caryatids - six columns holding up the roof area, all female figures were each sculptured differently and engineered so that their slender necks could take the weight of the roof and still look real and elegant.
Cost and time of Porch of Caryatids - 421 till 406 BC. cost 130 million to build
Greek Art in the Golden Age - the most divine and complex sculptures of this time are the sculptures of the athenian acropolis. the earliest of these are the Parathanon sculptures, in time became a church
Purpose of buildings - building were built to show culture ad political achievements, others were to to honor gods and goddesses, walls that would surround city for protection and defense, used for worship, sell items, drama, eduction, and law making.
The Parthenon - the famous parthenon building is to worship the goddess athena
The Agora - towns people come to buy and sell their good with eachother, marketplace,
Theater of Dionysus - meant for dramatic places, big events
Gymnasium - children would go to get educated, boys and girls were seperate
Pnyx - go to building to gather around and decide on laws and rules of town
Key players of artwork/architecture:
Socrates - son of a sculpter, served in athenian army, short and stout, not very handsome, liked boys.
Plato - student of socrates. pirates captured him and his friends tried to buy back, his friends bought plato property which he made a school off of
Aristotle - born in small greek colony called stagira, teach of thirteen year old alexander, was a scientist and philosopher, loved nature
MILITARY AND DELIAN LEAGUE
Phalanx - used in the battle of marathon around 500 BC, one downside is its use against cavalry, the horses in the cavalry could quickly ride around the phalanx and attack the weak side, athenaisn used mountains and natural habitat to protect the weak side
Naval Warfare - used during Peloponnesian War, shipped grain and food into city, used ships called trireme, fought by ramming and boarding enemy ships, major naval force
Key Players:
Pericles - politician, democrat, general, athenian, ruled athens 461 to 429 BC, led peloponnesian and persian wars
Socrates - philosopher, Athenian, scrutinized Athens.. praised Sparta, not well liked.
Plato - student of socrates, wrote the dialogues that contain most of socrates ideas
Aristotle - studen of Plato, teach to Alexander the Great later in life
Archimedes - well known mathematician, first to calculate Pi
Pythagoras - developed the Pythagorean theorem.
Delian League: coalition of Greek states and Athenians, founded to 478 BC, under the control of Athens, HQ was in Delos
What did it do? Goals: free lonian Greeks from Persia, protect Aegean Sea,
- use sea power
- athens was the leader
- persia was run out of the Aegean Sea
Famous Battles of the Persian War - Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis
Marathon - 25000 persians met 10000 athenians
- persians fled after hours of fighting
- around 6000 persians died while there was very few Athenians
Thermopylae - 7000 greeks and 300 spartans, stood up the persians for a long time, persians found a way around the mountain, spartans let greeks flee and stayed to fight, all 300 died
Battle of Salamis - greeks abandoned Athens, fought most of the persian fleet, formed the delian league to protect Greece
Peloponnesian War - 431 BC - 404 BC, battle of Pylos, Athenian naval forces were out attacking Zacynthus, Spartan troops decided to attack walled city called Pylos, over 2000 spartan troops and tried attacking sea side wall, spartans failed to capture pylos before the Athenian naval fleet could return, tried blocking harbor but athenian naval forces destroyed them
Weaponry and Armor - swords, iron knives compared to bronze knives, arrowheads, sling bullets - steel and clay, shields-broze, archery, spears
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