Notes over presentations:
Architecture of the Golden Age of the Athenians
*kKey Buildings
- Acropolis was the main group of buildings in Athens that overlooked the city
- it is a sacred area that is on one of the most recognizable monuments in the world
*Cost and Time
- took 9 years to build
- completed in 438 B.C.
- cost 3 billion in present day money
*Cost and TIme of the Parthenon
- cost 3 billion in todays money
- biggest construction projects of the ancient world
*Cost and Time of the Porch of Caryatid
- started building in 421 B.C
*Greek Art in the Golden Age
- the most devine, and complex strustures of this time are the sculptures of the Athenian Acropolis
- earliest of these are the Parathanon sculptures
- soon became a church
*Purpose of Buildings
- built to show cultural and political achievements of Athens
- others were used to honor gods and goddesses such as Athen
- some buildings were used for political gatherings
- athens had walls that would surround the city for protection and defense
- praise and worship, buy and sell items. drama, education and law making.
*Parthenon
- used to worship the great Goddess Athena
- temple to honor and praise
- celebrate the ending of the Athen's war with Persia
*Agora
- buy and sell goods with each other
- marketplace
- food and house items
*Theater of Dionysus
- meant for dramatic plays
- social life
- many big events were there, mainly comedy
- whole town was involved. either acting or watching
*Gumnasium
- children would go to get educated
- 6 or 7 homes to go to the school
- boys and girls were separate
- parents had to pay for the private schooling
*Pnyx
- Athenians would go to this buiding to gather around and decide on the laws and rules of the town
*Key Players
- Pericles plan for Athens was to get the greatest Greece architecs
- to build things like Parthenon
*Socrates
- lived from 470 to 399 BC
- son of a sculptor
- served in the Athenian army during the clash with Sarta
- short and stout and not very handsome
*PLato
- lived from 437-347 BC
- soctares prized student in Philosophy
- Aristocles was his real name
- pirates captured him
*Aristottle
- lived from 384 to 322 BC
- born in a small greek colony
- he was a teacher of a thirteen year old Alexander for 4 years
- was a scientist and a philosopher
Military and Delian League
Tactics
- used in the battle of Marathon around 500 BC
- major downside to the phalanx is its use against cavalry
- the horses in the cavalry would quickly rise around the phalanx and attack the weak side
- athenian used the mountains and natural habitat to protect the weak side
- Naval warfare- Athens used naval warfare during the Peloponnisian war, shipped grain and food into the city, fought by ramming and boarding enamy ships
Key players
- Pericles- polotician, democrat, general, athenian, ruled athen from 461-426 BC
- Socrates- born in athens, philosopher, scrutinized, athens didn't like that they praised Sparta
- Plato - wrote dialogues that conatin most o Socrates ideas
- Aristottle- student of Plato
- teacher of Alexander the Great later in life
- archemidess- first one to calculate Pi, well known mathematician
- Pythagoras-develpoed the pythagruan Therum
What was the Delian League?
- coalition of Greek stars and Athenians
- founded in 478 BC
- under control of Athens
- -What did it do?
- Goals: free lonian greeks from persia, protect Aegean Sea
Famous Battles of the Oersian War
- Major battles: Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis
- Marathon- 25,000 Persians met 10,000 Athenians, persians fled after hours of fighting
- Thermopylae- 7,000 greeks and 300 spartans stood op to the persians for a long time, persians found a way around the mountain, all 300 died
- Salamis
- greeks abandoned Athens, foughth ith their naval forces, destroyed most of Persian fleet, formed the Delian League to protect Greek - Peloponnisian War- broke out in 431 and went until 404
- Battle of Pylos- 425 BC, Athenian naval forces were out attacking Zacunthus, over 2,000 spartan troops, tried attacking sea side wall, spartans failed to capture Pylos before the Athenisn naval fleet would return
Weaponry and Armor
- many swords
- iron knives were a lot more durable than bronze knives
- aroow heads were put on the ends of bows
- sling bullets- steel and clay
- shields were a huge help, amde of bronze
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