On this day we continued on Chapter 7 with the rest of section 2. Here are the key questions:-Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's? Immigrants came ot the cities because it was cheaper, more convenient and provided better oppourtunites, and once the reaper and steel plow were invented, less famers were needed, so they moved into the cities.-What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population? Dozens of cultures came to the cities, and they wanted one dominant culture. Immigrants wanted to keep their way of lives, so they stayed in different parts of the cities with their other immigrants. Transportation created transit and various systems came. The police force started in 1884. Manure was in the streets, sewage in the gutters, smoke from factories, dead animals. Safe water was scarce, caused filteration and chlorea, so cities built waterways. Most houses were made of wood and burned easily, sprinklers came to buildings in 1874. Housing choices were boarding houses or building your own, but they eventually came up with tennants, and in 1879 ventilationa and plumming became necessary.-What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities? Jane Addams decided to help the poor and the enviorment, so she visited England and went into settlement houses. She later went on to be a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. A police force and fire department were formed in New York. Urbanization problems were fixed through the people in charge of settlement houses. The Social Gospel Movement.Ch. 7.3What was the political machine and what did they do for a city? A political machine is a large group of a political party and their ability to make people vote for them. They gained control of the government. They make parks, sewers, waterworks, schools, hospitals, and orphanages. They got the people's money, loyalty, and support. They solved the problems of immigrants, and grammar schools.Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring. His name was William M. Tweed. He was leader of Tammy Hall and led the group to defraud the city. The public became outraged against Tammy Hall. Thomas Nast led the search to get him. He was sentenced 120 counts of fraud with 12 years in prison, but he was only there for 1 year. He left, was arrested, escaped, and was found in Spain thanks to the writings of Thomas Nast.What caused all this corruption in government? Boss Tweed and the political, dishonest individuals, patronage/spoil system.What laws came about to reform government? Hayes passed the Pendleton Civil Service Act. It set up investigations of federal jobs. He investigated a settlement house and fired 2 of the highest members.Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president? Hayes was a reformer, Garfield was a reformer, Arthur was a stalwart.Before we could finish, the bell rang.
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