Rome Geo:
-was built on 7 rolling hills around the Tiber river
-midway point between the Alps and Italy's southern tip
First Romans:
-groups inhabited the region nd fought for control of it
-Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans
-the original settlement was a cluster of wooden huts on top or the hills
Greek Influence:
-established colonies along southern part of Italy and Sicily
-cities became very prosperous
-brought all of Italy into closer contact with Greek civilization
Etruscans:
-Native to northern Italy
-skilled metal workers and engineers
-Romans adopted their alphabet and some of their architecture
Republic:
-Republic- is a form of government in which the power rests with citizens who have the right to vote or their leaders
-citizenship with voting rights was granted to free-born adult male landowners
Patricians and Plebians:
-Patricians-the wealthy landowners who held most of the power from Rome
-inherited their power and social status
-Plebians-the common person, but could still vote (farmers, merchants) from Rome
-in time, the leaders of Rome, allowed the Plebians to form their own assembly and elect their own representatives to protect their rights from the Patrician officials, they called this their tribunes
Executive Branch:
-two consoles vs one president
-1 yr term vs 4 yr term
Legislative:
-Senate: high social economic status, serve for life, advises consuls
-Centuriate Assembly: soldiers only, chose consul, serve for life
-Tribal Assembly: ordinary citizens, serve for life, make laws
Judicial:
-8 judges
-1 year by Centuriate Assembly
-two oversee civil and criminal courts (the others govern provinces)
Legal Code:
-Twelve tables- the list of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome
-like the Constitution
Army:
-Romans took pride in their military
-all men who owned land were required to serve in army
-some of the high public office positions required 10 years pf military service
Legions:
-the Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions
-legions were made of 5,000 foot soldiers
-a group of cavalry support each legion
-the military was a key factor in Rome's rise to greatness
Expansion:
-by fourth century B.C., the Romans dominated central Italy
-they had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city-states to the south
Treatment:
-Latins on the Tiber River became full citizens
-in territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well but didn't have voting power
-the remaining people became "allies" of Rome
Research:
Punic Wars & Hannibal
-who fought: Carthaginian Empire and Rome
-key players: King Pyrrhus, Hamilcar Barca, Hannibal, Scipio Africanus the Elder, Scipio Africanus the Younger, Livy, Cincinnatus, Cicero, Cato, Sulla, Tiberius Gracchus, Marius, Octavian, Mark Antony, Lucretius, Sallust
-who won: Rome won first and second and third
-lasting effects: how if affected Romans and Carthage: all the Carthaginian's had to leave Carthage and settle away from the sea, Carthage was seized by the Romans and they destroyed everything, Rome got control of Sicily, Sardina, and Corsica, Roman armies began to aquire territory in the eastern Mediterannean
Hannibal:
Punic Carthaginain military commander,
considered one of the greatest military commanders in history
his greatest outbreak was during the second Punic War
ran for the office of suffete
he enacted reforms to enable to pay for the war but nobody liked them so he fled into voluntary exile
he betrayed to the Romans and committed suicide by poisoning himself
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