Notes:
Roman Government and Military:
Executive:
-Two Consuls vs one president
-1 year term vs 4 year term
Legislative:
Senate- High social and economic status, serve for life, advises consuls.
Centuriate assembly- soldiers only, chose consuls, serve for life.
Tribal Assembly- ordinary citizens, serve for life, makes laws
Judicial: 8 judges. 1 year by the Centuriate assembly. Two oversee civil and criminal courts (the others govern provinces).
Legal Code: Twelve Tables --This was a list of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome. In America, this is equal to the Constitution
Army: Along with their government, the Romans also took great pride in their military as well. All men who owned land were required to serve in the army. Some of the high public office positions required 10 years of military service.
Legions: The Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions. Legions were made up of 5,000 infantry soldiers. A groups of cavalry would support each legion. The military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Rome's rise to greatness.
Expansion: By fourth century BC, the Romans dominated central Italy. They had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city-states to the south.
Treatment: Latins on the Tiber River became full citizens. In territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well, but they didn't have voting power. The remaining people became a form of "allies" with Rome, but a 'truce' is a better term.
Researching: research the Punic Wars and Hannibal. Discuss who fought in the war, key players, who won the wars, and the lasting effects of the wars/how it affected Romans and Carthage.
---The others in my group are at my table, and we all researched a different topic (I researched who won each of the Punic Wars and who won Hannibal).
There were 3 wars in the Punic wars, all Rome vs. Carthage. The first Punic war lasted from 264 to 241 BC. They had battled for control of the western Mediterranean Sea for 20 years. Rome won, and they imposed strict treaty conditions and placed heavy penalties on Carthage.
The second Punic War was also fought between Rome and Carthage. Carthage wanted to control Spain and Sicily, and Rome also wanted to expand. Two important generals in this war were Scipio (Rome) and Hannibal (Carthage). Hannibal tried to conquer Spain and Sicily, but Scipio and the rest of Rome also wanted that area for their own expansion, so they started the 2nd Punic war.
The 3rd Punic war took place from 149 BC to 146 BC. This war was focused mainly on Rome completely destroying Carthage, taking it over and either killing or enslaving the entire population. So, in other words, Rome won. :]
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