Legal Code
- 12 Tables
- List of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome
- Like the U.S. constitution.
Legislative Branch
- Both have senates.
- Rome had 300.
- We have 100.
- Senators served for life in Rome.
- Rich, wealthy people.
- Advises consuls.
Centuriate Assembly
- chose consuls
- Served for life.
- Soldiers only
Tribal Assembly
- Ordinary citizens
- Serve for life
- Makes laws
Executive Branch
- U.S. gov’t has 1 president. Leader for 4 years
- Rome has 2 consuls. Ruled for one year advised by the senate
Judicial
- 8 judges
- 1 year by the Centuriate Assembly
- Two oversee civil and criminal courts (others govern provinces)
Army
- Along with their gov’t, the Romans also took great pride in their military as well
- All men who owned land were required to serve in the army
- Some of the high public office positions required 10 years of service
Legions
- The Roman soldiers were organized into large military units call legions.
- Legions were made up of 5000 foot soldiers
- Cavalry supported each legion
- The military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Rome’s rise to greatness
Expansion
- By fourth century BC, the Romans dominated central Italy.
- They had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city-states to the south.
Treatment
- Latins on the Tiber River became full citizens
- In territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well but didn’t have voting power.
- The remaining people became “allies” of Rome.
Winner of Punic Wars: Romans
Hannibal- the son of Hamiclar Barca. hannibal was considered one of the best military commanders ever. He had two younger brothers, Mago and Hasdrubal. Hannibal lived during a big tension period in the Mediterranean. The Roman Empire showed its supremacy over Carthage. Hannibal was defeated at the battle of Zema. After the war Hannibal got involved in politics and
Three wars between Rome and Carthage.
Carthage was the very nothern part of Africa and the Southern part of Spain and Portugal.
First war took place between 264-241 BC
Second war took place between 218-201 BC
Third war took place between 149-146 BC
Result - Rome gained dominance in the western Mediterranean.
Key Players: Hamilcar, Hasdrubel, Cato the Censor, Scipio Africanus.
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