Executive Branch
- Elected to serve
- Rome- 2 leaders- consuls- 2 years.
Judicial Branch
- Rome- 8 judges.
- 1 year.
- Chosen by Centuriate Assembly.
- Oversee civil and criminal courts- others govern provinces.
Legal Code
- Twelve Tables
- This was a list of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome
- In America, this is equal to the Constitution
Army
- Along with their government the Romans also took great pride in their military as well
- All men who owned land were required to serve in the army
- Some of the high public office positions required 10 years of military service
Legions
- The Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions
- Legions were made up of 5000 foot soldiers
- A group of cavalry would support each legion
- The military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Rome's rise to greatness
Expansion
- By fourth century BC the Romans dominated central Italy
- They had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city-states to the south
Treatment
- Latins on the Tiber became full citizens
- In territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well but didn't have voting power
- The remaining people became "allies" of Rome
Research
- In your group research the Punic Wars and Hannibal
- discuss who fought in the war
- key players who won the war
- what happened because of the war
Punic Wars-
- Punic wars- 3 wars between Rome and Carthage.
- Rome won all 3 wars.
- Key Players-
- King Pyrrhus.
- Hamilcar Barca- father of Hannibal.
- Hannibal.
- Scipio Africanus the Elder.
- Scipio Africanus the Younger.
- Livy.
- Cato.
- Sulla.
- Octavian- Caesar’s adopted son.
- Mark Antony- right hand man of Julius Caesar.
- Lucretius.
Hannibal-
- Father died before he was old enough to take command
- Leader of the Carthaginian army
- Led the 2nd war with 3 dozen elephants surprising Rome
- Tactic genius
- Army was made up of different nationalities and obeyed his command
- Conquered the countryside around Rome while waiting for forces
- Reinforcements never came
- Carthage prevented troops from transferring to Hannibal’s aid
- He was killed by Scipio Africanus
What happened because of the Punic Wars
- 1st Punic War: Sicily became Rome’s first oversea province
- 2nd Punic War: Hannibal’s losses ended the Carthage empire in western Mediterranean and leaving Rome in control of Spain
- 3rd Punic War: Carthaginian surrendered and ending an ancient city that has been around for 700 years, Rome reigned supreme over an empire stretching from Atlantic Coast of Spain to border between Asia Minor(now Turkey) and Greece
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