Roman Government and Military
- Executive Branch
- Two consuls vs one President
- 1 year term vs 4 year term
- Makes decisions for the direction of Rome
- Legislative
- Senate
- High social and economic status
- Serve for life
- Advises consuls
- Centuriate Assembly
- Soldiers only
- Chose consuls
- Serve for life
- Tribal Assembly
- Ordinary citizens
- Serve for life
- Makes laws
- Senate
- Judicial
- 8 judges
- 1 year by the Centuriate Assembly
- Two oversee civil and criminal courts (the others govern provinces)
- Legal Code
- Twelve Tables- List of rules that was the Supreme Law of the land in Rome
- In America, this is equal to the Constitution
- Army
- Along with their government, the Romans also took great pride in their military as well
- All men who owned land were required to serve in the army
- Some of the high public office positions required 10 years of military service
- Legions
- The Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions
- Legions were made up of 5000 foot soldiers
- A group of cavalry world support each legion
- The military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Rome's rise to greatness.
- Expansion
- By fourth century BC, Romans dominated central Italy.
- They had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city-states to the south
- Treatment
- Latins on the Tiber River became full citizens of Rome
- In territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well but didn't have voting power
- The remaining people became "allies" of Rome- "allies" meaning Rome wasn't going to attack you anymore
Research: The Punic Wars and Hannibal
Who fought in the war, key players, who won the war, lasting effects of the wars; How it affected Romans and Carthage.
- Three Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage.
- Carthage was destroyed after over 100 years of fighting
- Hannibal- Carthaginian general
- First Punic War-Rome became involved in a dispute over Carthage's Sicily. Sicily was being fought over by Greece and Carthage. Greece asks Rome for help. Rome takes control of Sicily and Corsica.
- Second Punic War- Hannibal invades Italy and is a victor at Lake Trasimene and Cannae until defeated by Rome's Scipio Africanus
- Third Punic War- Scipio the Younger leads Rome to capture and destroy Carthage, turning Africa into another Roman province. Survivors are turned into slaves. The land is cursed- not houses or crops can rise again. When Rome eventually wishes to build here, the curse is their obstacle.
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