Research 10/2:
Romulus and Remus
They were twin sons of a princess named Rhea and of the war god, Mars. Other gods and goddesses were out to get their family so Rhea sent them down a river. They were fed by a she-wolf and then a shepherd and his wife adopted them. Later on, they decided they wanted to be kings so they decided to built a city on the shore of Tiber. They both wanted to be the only king so they fought. Romulus picked up a rock, killed his brother, and made himself king. That's how Rome started.
Roman Republic vs US Government
Executive Branch
Legislative Branch -
Senate - high social status and economic status, serve for life - advises consuls
Centuriate Assembly - soldiers only, chose consuls, serve for life
Tribal Assembly - ordinary citizens, serve for life, make laws
Judicial Branch - 8 judges, one year by the Centuriate Assembly, to oversee civil and criminal courts
Legal Code
Research 10/3:
Punic Wars and Hannibal
The three Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome took place over nearly a century, beginning in 264 B.C. and ending with the destruction of Carthage in 146 B.C. In the first war, Rome took over Sicily. In the second war, the great general, Hannibal, was defeated by Scipio Africanus. In the third war, Scipio Africanus captured and destroyed the city of Carthage and Rome won. Rome became an even greater empire that spread into Africa.
Hannibal was a Punic Carthaginian military commander, generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.
Twelve tables - this was a list of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome - in America, it is equal to the Constitution
Roman Geography
- Rome was built on 7 rolling hills around the Tiber River, near the center of the Italian Peninsula
- It is the midway point between the Alps and Italy's southern tip
First Romans
- From 1000 to 500 BC, three groups inhabited the region and fought for control of it
- They were the Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans
- The Latins built the original settlement at Rome - it was a cluster of wooden huts on top of one of the seven hills
Greek Influence
- Between 750 BC and 600 BC, the Greeks established colonies along the southern part of Italy and Sicily
- The cities became very prosperous and commercially active
- They brought all of Italy, including Rome, into closer contact with Greek civilization
Etruscans
- They were native to Northern Italy
- They were skilled metal workers and engineers
- They were very influential in the development of Roman civilization
- Romans adopted their alphabet
and they adopted some of their architecture, especially the arch
Republic
- Republic is a form of government in which the power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders
- In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born adult male landowners
Patricians and Plebeians
- In the early republic, different groups of Romans struggled for power
- Patricians were the wealthy landowners who held most of the power
- Plebeians were the common person, but could still vote - usually farmers and merchants
- The Patricians inherited their power and social status and claimed that they had the right to rule due to their ancestry
- They barred the Plebeians from holding high offices in the government
- In time, the leaders of Rome, allowed the Plebeians to form their own assembly and elect their own representative
Army
- Along with their government, the Romans also took great pride in their military as well
- All men who owned land were required to serve in the army
- Some of the high public office positions required 10 year of military service
Legions
- The Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions
- Legions were made up of 5,000 foot soldiers
- A group of cavalry would support each legion
- The military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Rome's rise to greatness
- Broken up into smaller groups called 'centuries' that were made up of 80 people
Expansion
- By fourth century BC, the Romans dominated central Italy
- They had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city-states to the south
Treatment
- Latins on the Tiber became full citizens
- In territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well but didn't have voting power
- The remaining people became "allies" of Rome
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