Ch. 5.1: -Describe Native American culture. settled in small villages, lived near Lower River, hunted and planted crops, hunted and gathered food, Western tribes were nomadic
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains? because the plains were unsettled so they wanted to go and claim the land out there
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies? passed an act that gave the Native Americans land for their tribes, all the tribes were to live on the same land, but then the government changed and gave each tribe their own areas in different parts
-Describe a cowboy's life. -learned everything from the vaqueros, they were the first to wear spurs and leathers, worked 10-14 hours a day on a ranch, 14 or more hours on a trail, some were as young as 15
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains? so that people would want to go out west to settle the land. and the railroads helped so that people could get out there
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? locust plagues, tornadoes, blizzards, droughts, Native Americans, animals, outlaws
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? lots of problems with the railroad companies, bad crops, in debt
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in? they wanted to help farmers
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's? lots of resources, government supported business, cheap labor, oil, development of the Bessemer Process
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives? electricity, typewriter, telephone
Thomas Edison didn't invent the light bulb, he perfected it
**laissez faire - let it be. let business do what they want to do.
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US? it was so much quicker to transport people and goods across the country, and it helped settle the west
-Why were many people upset with the railroads? they were making it cost more for taxes and stuff
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie. Born november 25, 1835; came to America at age 12 from Scotland; six years after coming to america he became a secretary for the local superintendent for the Pennsylvania Railroad; rewarded by his boss, Thomas Scott, to buy a stock; left the railroad company in 1865; after he left the railroad, he bought a steel mill which manufactured more steel than all British steel mills in Britain; he sold his steel business in 1901 and started working on his management work; he also set up libraries, public institutions, and a college; his business was known as Carnegie Steel; he sold his company to John P. Morgan; his company was in Pittsburg; died April 11 in 1911;
1. Find ways to make better products cheaper
2. He brought in people with talents and offering them stock. He also encouraged his assistants to be competitive
3. Vertical integration - a process in which he bought out his suppliers in order to control the system
4. Horizontal integration - companies producing similar products merge
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller. He was attracted to the oil business when oil was found in Titusville Pennsylvania; John treated everybody equally, he wanted the future good will of his partners and employees; he drove other companies out of business
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business? - started by charles Darwin; means that the states who have the fittest will strive in the society; those who were poor were automatically weak and lazy; people who believed in Darwinism thought they were superior; "Survival of the fittest" little businesses that are smaller and weaker wouldn't do as well as bigger businesses; either rich or poor, not really an inbetween; lazy and uneducated would be chosen to be in poverty' people of Darwinism thought that poor people would ruin society; Carnegie believed the rich should just become richer; certain businesses started to strive; Carnegie didn't give things to the poor, he believed that was favoring them; it was also bad for other business because they didn't have good workers; caused big businesses to overtake small businesses
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts). when businesses try and buy out other businesses; a merger is when one corporation bought out the stock of another to become one; when this happens a monopoly could be formed by setting up a corporation that did nothing but buy the stock out of other countries
-How did the government try to regulate business? they didnt try to regulate businesses for a long time cause of laissez faire, but eventually they came up with the Sherman Anti-Trust Law
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose? a union of workers working together to get better pay; they would work together to try and get more money; some women worked for doubled wages; the labor unions were formed in the year 1866 by William Syvis who was an iron worker; Purpose of labor unions - Better working conditions, equal pay for specific jobs, put an end to kids working;
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples. Early labor unions didn't because the government believed in laissez faire and they stayed out of the businesses, they thought that the owner can decide how much they got paid because they were the ones who made the business; Later labor unions were successful - people wanted better wages, safe working conditions, and few hours. People now get better wages with health care, laws against children working, and we now have free public education
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US? escape things such as famine, land shortages, religious or political persecutions
Where did immigrants come from? western and northern Europe, Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here? everyone over here was really racist, segregation, had to go through inspections at Ellis Island and Angel Island ( on the trip over, the boats that they took were really gross cause they had to share bathrooms with lots of other people, and they slept in bug infested beds
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions? people didnt like immigrants cause they were different, and too many would come in at once, and they would take Americans jobs; put restrictions on jobs, places they could go, schools
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's? there were new inventions for farming so there didn't need to be as many farmers; more job opportunities cause of technology
What problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in population? it was really disgusting because buildings were unsanitary and unsafe because the immigrants were packed together; people would put garbage into the air shafts; they nails the windows shut
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities? Social Gospel movement was an attempt to fix the problems in the cities; people made settlement houses;
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city? organized group that controlled a political party in a city
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring. he would over charge things that would make tax payers pay more.
What caused all this corruption in government? patronage and spoils system
What laws came about to reform government? reformers eventually began attempting to eliminate patronage and replace it with a merit system of hire; Pendleton Civil Service Act
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's? lots of kids started going to school and getting an education; the number of students attending high school had increased by the turn of the century, only a minority of Americans had high school diplomas; between 1880 and 1920, college enrollments more than quadrupled; after the Civil War, thousands of freed African Americans pursued higher education
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended? segregation - policy or practice of separating people of different races, classes, or ethnic groups, as in schools, housing and publiic or commercial facilities; African Americans lost their voting rights when the Supreme court failed to overturn the poll tax and grandfather clause.;southern states passed racial segregation laws to separate white and black people; racial etiquette, blacks and whites never shook hands because it would imply equality; they also had to yield the sidewalk to white pedestrians; black men also had to remove their hats for whites;
there was a lot of violence; Blacks who were accused of violating the etiquette were usually lynched; between 1882 and 1892 more that 1400 Africans Americans were shot, burned, or hung without trial down in the south.
Poll tax - tax to vote
literacy tests - test you had to take before voting; officials could pass or fail applicants as they wish; they would make it harder for blacks
grandfather clause - as long as you grandfather or father voted before January 1, 1867 then you could vote.
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson. in 1890s; separate but equal, from 1890s, till the 1950s,
Ch. 8.4:
-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's. many cities build small playground and playing fields, some amusement parks were constructed on the outskirts of the cities, the roller coaster drew daredevil customers to Coney Island in 1884, and the first Ferris wheel drew enthusiastic crowds, bicycles started to come around, people played tennis, baseball, art galleries started going up, people would by dime stories which were short stories, urban shopping, catalogs became popular,
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