We continued taking notes over Rome. Then we researched about the Punic War and Hannibal.
- Punic War and Hannibal-
- Who fought the war
- Key players.
- Who won the war
- What happened because of war.
Punic Wars-
- Punic wars- 3 wars between Rome and Carthage.
- Rome won all 3 wars.
- Key Players-
- King Pyrrhus.
- Hamilcar Barca- father of Hannibal.
- Hannibal.
- Scipio Africanus the Elder.
- Scipio Africanus the Younger.
- Livy.
- Cato.
- Sulla.
- Octavian- Caesar’s adopted son.
- Mark Antony- right hand man of Julius Caesar.
- Lucretius.
Hannibal-
- Father died before he was old enough to take command
- Leader of the Carthaginian army
- Led the 2nd war with 3 dozen elephants surprising Rome
- Tactic genius
- Army was made up of different nationalities and obeyed his command
- Conquered the countryside around Rome while waiting for forces
- Reinforcements never came
- Carthage prevented troops from transferring to Hannibal’s aid
- He was killed by Scipio Africanus
What happened because of the Punic Wars
- 1st Punic War: Sicily became Rome’s first oversea province
- 2nd Punic War: Hannibal’s losses ended the Carthage empire in western Mediterranean and leians surrendered and ending an aaving Rome in control of Spain
- 3rd Punic War: Carthaginncient city that has been around for 700 years, Rome reigned supreme over an empire stretching from Atlantic Coast of Spain to border between Asia Minor(now Turkey) and Greece.
- Geography-
- Rome was built on 7 rolling hills around the Tiber River near the center of the Italian peninsula.
- It is the midway point between the Alps and Italy’s southern tip.
- First Romans-
- From 1000 to 500 B.C. 3 groups inhabited the region and fought for control of it.
- They were the Latin, Greek, and Etruscans.
- Latins built the original settlement at Rome it was a cluster of wooden huts on top of 1 of the 7 hills.
- Greek Influence-
- Between 750 and 600 B.C. Greeks established colonies along the southern part of Italy and Sicily.
- The cities became very prosperous and commercially active.
- They brought all of Italy, including Rome into closer contact with Greek civilization.
- Etruscans-
- They were native to northern Italy.
- They were skilled metal workers and engineers.
- They were very influential in the development of Roman civilization.
- Romans adopted their alphabet.
- Also they adopted some of their architecture especially the arch.
- Republic-
- A form of gov. in which the power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders.
- In Rome citizen ship with voting tights was granted only to free-born adult male landowners.
- Patricians and Plebeians-
- In the early republic, different groups of Romans struggled for power.
- Patricians- wealthy landowners who held most of the power.
- Plebeians- the common person, but could still vote, usually farmer and merchants.
- Patricians inherited their power and social status and claimed that they had the right to rule due to their ancestry.
- They barred the Plebeians from holding high offices in the gov.
- In time the leaders of Rome allowed the Plebeians to form their own assembly and elect their own representative to protect their rights from the Patrician officials they called their tribunes.
- Legislative branch-
- Rome-
- Senate- 300 males that owned land, most powerful of the legislative branch, served for life, advised consuls.
- Centuriate Assembly- soldiers, pick consuls, served for live.
- Tribal Assembly- ordinary people, made laws, served for live.
- Legal Code-
- Rome- 12 tables- list of rules that were the supreme law of the land in Rome.
- Everyone saw it.
- Romulus and Remus-
- Raised by Shepard.
- Founded city where wolf found them- called it Rome.
- Twin brothers.
- Romulus killed Remus because they couldn’t agree on a name.
- Executive Branch-
- Elected to serve
- Rome- 2 leaders- consuls- 2 years.
- Judicial Branch-
- Rome- 8 judges.
- 1 year.
- Chosen by Centuriate Assembly.
- Oversee civil and criminal courts- others govern provinces.
- Roman Army-
- Along with their gov. the Romans also took great pride in their military as well
- All men who owned land were required to serve in the army.
- Some of the high public office positions required 10 years of military service.
- Legions-
- Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called Legions.
- Legions were made up of 5,000 foot soldiers.
- A group of cavalry would support each legion
- The military org. and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Rome’s rise to greatness.
- Expansion-
- By 4th century B.C. Romans dominated central Italy.
- They had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city states to the south.
- Treatment-
- Latins on the Tiber became full citizens.
- In territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well but didn’t have voting power.
- The remaining people became “allies” of Rome.
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