KEEP!!
-need to start semester blog
Cold war Projects!!!
1. Causes of the Cold War- by cheryl kleffman
-1945-1990
-united states v. soviet union
-democrats v. communists
-the difference in governments was a big reason for the war
-another major cause was power rivals
-germany was split into 4 parts. britan, france, us...west..soviet union=east
-eurpoe?
-us choice
-soviet union = disgree
-iron curtain
-soviet union dislike
-truman doctrine: us can help any country that is threatened by communism
-marshall plan:us rebuilding eurpoean contires' economies
-atomic bomb was a big one. because us and soviet union had this
-truman didnt like stalin
-he said that he was tired of babysitting soviet union who understand only an iron fist and strong language
-redscare also kind of started this
2. Policy of Containment: domino effect, Iron Curtain Speech, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine-
this is my project
3. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)-
-Huac
-this committe was created in 1938 to look into private citizens engaging in criminal acts agaist the us
-the main focus was keeping people from having communist ties
-famous people who were accused of being communist were blacklisted
-members of huac were ery determined to find communists and communist sympathizers by pressuring witnesses to give up names of those who are communist
-witnesses that did not give info that was needed were held in comtempt of congresss
-senator joseph mcCarthy used the huac's ideas and began accussing pople of being communist
-what mcathy did was called mccathysim and he would accuse people of treason with out any evident
-this era in time was known as the sencod redscar
-the second red scare was fear of communists spying on our goernment
-another fear of the us during this time was SU atomic bombing the us
-it made actual communists in our country lay low. this scare helped to minimize communist activity
-it became les importnat by the 1960's
-it was renamed the house of internal security commitee in 1969 and in 1975 it was ablished
4. Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism-
-McCarthyism was named afte senator joe mccathy
-it is the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversions, or treason with out proper regard for evidence
-it happend in the second red dcare of the us
-the second red scare was happter world war 2
-fear of communists
-born on november 15, 1908
-afraid of communiss taking over the us
-didnt want communists in the statedepartment
-tried to ease sugar rationing
-the biggest thig was suspicion of communusts
-mccarthy's treatment o gernear ralph w zwicker during that investigation caused very many supporters to trun agaist McCathy
-thearmy released a repor charging that mccarty and his aide, roy cohn, had pressue the rmy to give favored treatment to g. david
-heavy drinker
-liver ailment
5. Berlin Blockade and Airlift-Brian- by scott
-during the blockade the su blocked the railroads going into berlin to block supply lines
-we created the the idea of organizing the ''berlin airlift'''
-our plants droped tons of supplies (mostly food.)
-the allied forces wanted to repai germany and the soviets wanted to destroy germany
-stalin and the ''red army''set up in east germany while the us was in west germany
-the blockade lasted about 11 months
-we set up the airlift called the ''berlin airlift''
-this was when we supplied the ppl of berlin iwht supplies
-in fact the us flew in 13 tons of suplies per day.
-they flew constaly
-in the winter the ppl in berlin didnt have much food and lived mostly on potatoes, bread, and they had little to no electicity
-this is why we hd to drop supplies for the berlin ppl
-the soiets had offered to drop supplies down tbut ppl of berlin rejected teir offer
-the US put B-29 bombers (they could carry atomic bombs) on bases in Great Britin
6. China becoming communist-Mao-
-Mao Sedong
-was a guerilla warfare, stragteist, poet, and leader of chinese revolution
-he was also andarchitech and the founder of the people's repulic of china
-zedong is mostly known for leading the communist party of china to victoy over chang-kaishek's kuomingtang
-chiang-kaiskek
-was the first and third charman of the nationlist governemtn fo china
-kaishek was a stong memeber of the na;tionlisht party of china
-was in charge of the chinese nationlist party in the civil war
-in 1949 chinese civil war started between the communists and nationalists
-the vommunists were pushing the nationalists back during the war which eventually separated china into two groups
thses two parties are known as the republic of china or taiwan and the people's rebulic of china or chinas mainland
-as mao's army was pushing chiang kaishek's army, ching's army was foced to move to the outer islands of china
-one of these outers island isnow known as taiwan
-after chiangkaishek's ary was pushed into taiwan, the communists controlled most or all of mainland china
-in the civil war in china, the kuomintang wanted to be like the us and they were also supported by the us
-the communists wantedto be like russia and they were supported by the soviet union as well
-n january 1958, mao zedong launched the second five yr plan
-this 5 yr plan is known as the great leap forward
-the great leap foward is aplan that is an alternative model for the ecomonic growth to the soviet model that was focusing on the heavy indsyt that was chagied y others in the comminist party
-in this plan, peasant swere odered to work on massive prects in the prodcutino of iron and steel
-mao feared that people in his comminist party wanted to replce him
-during this cultural revolution, there was a lot of rape, fruad, murder, etc.
-mao was very converned were becoming very estranged and he was worried thaty would forget who they were supose to serve,
-corruption was also a concern fo rmao
-corution, dishonest or fraudulent condection by those in pwer
-he was more worried botu the people in his communist prty than he was withthe prces out side his party
-he was afraid that they would repel form him adn not sureve him and do their won thing
-many people thought that mao should be taken away from pwer so baically the cultual revoltuin was a movement that took place in the peopl'es republic of china from 1966 through 1976
7. NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence-
-stands for north atlantic treaty organization
-was signed in dc on april , 1949
-basically all the treaty said was that if one of other countries gets attacked we hve to help ward off the attacker(s)
-in sept 1952 the first major nato wartime exercises began
-soviet union wanted to jioin nato
-france withdrew from nato
-december 12, 1970 we the us gave europe nuclear arms
-as time progressed nator became more of a issile defense system
-organized alot of organizations and plans after the 9/11
-recntly put a no fly zone over libya
-nato states put a weapons embargo agaisnt libya
-destaliniation is when stallin died people didnt like this because we knew how to handle stallin
8. Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-
-the first nuclearweapons were produced by the us though the manhattan project in ww2
-even thought the su was teh allied pwer, the us wanted to keep the weapons a secret for the did not trust them enough
-the first nuclear bombs were dropped on japan in 1945 and were made of uranium 235 (little boy) and plutonium (fat man)
-the us had a monoploly of nuclear weapon production duing he years ollowing the ww2
-hower, the soviets were secretly developing their own nuclear missiles behind the scenes
-we believed that the ussr would not have nukes until at lest the mid 1950's
-on august 29, 1949 the soviets detonatedthe frist nuclear weapon it shoked the world
-we called it joe one and it was basically a copy of fat man
-after both nations possessed the nuclear weapons they began to race to get better more efficient and higher quality bombs
-intercontinental ballistic missiles or icbms were created they would deliever missiles to any part ofthe wourld missiles were egarded as the best frm of nuclear weapon, and didnt requie the use of bombers
-when the soviets launched sputnik in 1957 it was feared taht they might launch a nucleear missil attack that would reach any part of the world. thei also had a major role in staring the space race
-satellietes wee designed to detect a nuclear strike before it happened
-large bunkers were made to save leader and citizens buil fallout shelters
-ppl wee taught how to react to a nucelar strike in an at of civil deense
-the mutual assured destruction act or mad was the us and ussr's mutual understand that a nuclear stike ouwl from either side would caused massive dammage to both parties
-this came to play in the 50's when either side had enought powerto completly obliterate teh other side
-even if the opposing side launched firsand obliterated teh enemy, the oeher sied would ahve means of sending a counter stike to destry the first attacker
-it was known as a second stkie
-this was what elad to the realization that an attack fom either sied would end them both thus mad came into effect and nuclear weapons were never used offesively agains
-along with eh us and ussr, the united kingdon, people's repunlic of china and france also developed small caches of nuclear weapons
-the stategic arms limitationo talks took place while richad nixon was presthere were two SALTs
-they were arranged to limit the size of each power's nuclear arsenal
-along with SALTs there were bans placed on nuclear testing, antiballistic missile systems and weapons in space
-this did little to dicourage production of mass amlunts of nuclear weaposn
9. Fidel Castro and the Bay of Pigs-
-communist
-led cubanrevolution in 1959
-over thew the cuban dictator
-becmae prime minister of cuba
-he had attempted to take over cuba before 1956
-got rid of people he didnt like
-many people didnt like him
-in 1960 richardbissell drafted a top secret policty a program of vovert agaisnt the castro regime (JMRC)
-they need resistance instdeand outside of cuba
-tried to embarrass casto
-the CIA had talks with tht emafia and crime bosses about the assisssinattion
-recuriment of anit-castro cubans to miami
-on the coast of guatemala they began infantry training
-the invasion took place on april 1961, cuban exiles launched their invasion
-landing on the beach play giron or bay of pigs
-in the night of the invasion, the cia coordinatied a diversion
-they set small boats and crafts that sent out signals and soundsfor a possible invastion
-at midnigt april 17, 1961
-two hours after alnding about 270 tooos had been unloaded
-two of the five shipssunk
-over 180surviiors on shored count countinue moving
-castor had over 200 thousand troops
-when keddedy was informed how we were doing bad
-bissell wanted to sendin american forces but kennedy didnt want they to know we were behind it
-bissell wanted to send in americn war ships, kenndy denied
-kenndy took the blam and bissel resigned frm the cia
-the main reason we wanted to invade was to try to stop the communism
-we thought that communism would spread though out latin ameica and then up to us.
10. The Cuban Missile Crisis-
-the untied states started to build missile bases in turkey and italy, whihc could attack the capitoal of the soviet union, moscow
-the cuban missile crisis is the name fro tht e4 soviet uninon and cuban governemtn responding by building missile bases in cuba with in range of attacking the us.
-the us began to react when images fo missile bases emerged
-jfk informed the ex-comm which is a grouple of people designated to handle the situation at ahnd
-evnetually kennedy decidedd to form a naval blockade around the island of cuba
-the us then demanded that the su mismantle the bases in exchange of the us agreening to not invade cuba
-eventually the whole crisis subsided with the us and usssr gettting rid of the bases in the problem areas
-the us had attemped to invade cuba in 1961, which failed
-fidel castro was confident that the us would attempt to ssecond attack
-the premier nikita khurshechev of the ussr proprosed the idea castro thought it would prevent another invastion
-during the mounth of cotober of 1962 there was much fear of a nuclear war bereaking out
-the us was ready to attack cuba if anything were to happen
-if a missile was to be launched, it would be taken as an attack agaist the us
-basically if anybody was to make one wrong move, a nuclear war would start
-while this at the time seemed like so many peop.le were about to die, only one person was actually killed from conmat,
-eleven other died froma few aircrafts crashing
-during the crisis,. there were several exchanges of communication
-many of these wre from krusheev attempint to prevent keendy from attacking
-on october 15, images of bases were revelated
-october 16, jfk was infromed
-october 22, kenndey announced that there wer missile banses
-october 28, krushev began to dismnatle the bases, which ended the crisis
*****11. The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down-
-it was built in 1961.
-it wsconstructed by the german democratic ebublican
-sovietwokes tore up the street in berlin
-first it wasa guarded barbed wire
-it 1965 conrrete wall with guard towers was built
-area between the two fenses was the death strip
-it was built to separate west berlin from east berlin and each germany
-political move to stop eastern germans from escaping germn democratic republic
-germnay was split into reginons fench, british, us, and su
-fench southwest, british northwest, usite states south, su east.
- there were many ways of trying to escape...jumping out a window, ram trucks, dig tunnels, throwing a rope over the wall and clibing up
-consequences of the wall, people lost their jobs, many people were killed thrying to escape or injusted, familes were separated, many people were unable to go home.
-on november 9, 1989
-symbole of the end of the cold war
-government allowed east germsto travel anywhere
-demolition began on june 13, 1990
12. Nixon's visit to China-
-today we have an opendoor policy with chian
-this means that everyone has equal rights to trad with china
-on febuary 21, 1972 he got to china
-he was the first pres to vist it since it had become its own place in 1949
-out goal was to tyand get rid of communism during the cold war
-nixon stayed for a week
-no one but nixon and his body guard were allowed in the meetings
-we didnt want to get involved because we were democracy and china was communist
-if china had not gone the oupt of being communist there would have not been a woar in korea and vietnam.
-Ping Pong Diplonmac on april 6, 1971 our all american ping pong team recieved a surprise invitation to come play at the people's republicchina
-this broke the tenisions between us an chin
-mao zedong kenw china's biggest threat was the soviet union
-this is why he wanted us to gain trust in him so he souldnt be facing enemies on both sides
-mao zedong wanted to conqure taiwan. Taiwan was orignaally part of china, mao zedong enemy took it over which was chiang kai hek
-nixonconsidered taiwan and vietnam as iritants
-he felt they wrea lways getting in the way of what he was really trying to accomplish
-their was a document that was passed saying that all chinese people on both sideds of the taiwan strit should believe there is one china and taiwan is part of china
-nixon passed this in the middle of the night
-the document did not address who should be the leader of thies one china
0thsi caused a great disturbance between the stte department camp and teh white house camp
-taiwan is still part of china today
13. 1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-
Peace Corps
-doctors , engineeers, and horticulturst, account for the more than fifth of the volunteers
-Peache Corps officials believed theeses volunteers would have a multiplier effect tmeaning they will tranfer their talents to the hose tcountry
-as if becameolder so did the volunteers
-there wer move that 6000 worlders
-2 workers where elected to the senate
-Paul Tsongas and chistopher Dodd
Detent
-a perment relaxation n international affaris during the cold war
-usually associalted with america, russa and china
Salt I
-strategic arms limitation talks
-involved us and soviet union on the issue of armament control
-salt i led to the anti-ballistic missile treaty
Salt II
-contoverial experiment of negotiations between jimmy carter and leonid bezhnev
-salt two never happened
14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-
-december 1979 was the date of invasion
-april 14, 1988 they left
-they invad because they wanted to prevserve communism around their borders
-a 10 yr civil war beween soviet troops and afghan guerrillas or mujhideen
-this turned into a jihad or holy war
-we helped these people and now are our eneimeis
-soviets would kill innocent citizensas pay back for guerrilla attacks
-president carter ordered and embargo agaisnt the su
-wheat and weapons were restricted
-17 million tons of corn, wheat, soybeans were not sent to the su
-us boycotted the olymipics in moscow the afgans id
-after the war betwen them terrorism was on the rise
-carter was the president that ordered this
15. Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-
-march 23, 1983
-purpose was to develpo an anti-ballistic missile system
-this ws thought to protct us from imissile attacks on other contries, estpecially the su
-it was our response to predicted nuclear attacks from other countereis
-was given the nickname star wars because if invoved many lazers and crazy out-of -this woulrd ideas
-thought that it would creat a new arms race with ballistic missile defese
-said it would do nother but anger the su more
-it owuld be a waste of money and wouldnt help us at all
-crititcs thought we wouldnt have enoht room to set up reserch for this
-weapons need for the plan required nuclear ray lasers, projectielse that were computer-guided that owuld be fired by electromagnetic rails guns, and subatomic beams
-these weapons also required alot of space
-much power needed for this too much
-it would take overa billion dollars to cover all epense
-we planned on intercepting ballistic missiles as they were still flying ins pace about the earth
to oversee the progran the strategic defense initiative orgainisation was established
-lazer and mirror experiments were being done
-money was raised adn donated to help the program
-the reserch and development was being done
-at that time it failed
-some of the ideas were too far fetched
-nuclear power was the method that was planned to be used, it was difficult to construct so many power plants
-the designs of the plan were cles to impossible to create
-not enought space was created and lazers couldnt be used
-it was decided that the intitaitve was overh and 30 billions dollars spent
-there is an missile defense agaecy has taken reagan's challenged to develop anit-ballistic missile technologies
-protects the us today includidng our allies agaist milled attackes
-ballist missile defense system continused to advance in technology and is becoming more global daidly
-architechue of the system inclued netwouked senrors, gound and sea basesd radars, groud and sea based defense missiles, and hit-to -hit technology.
16.Gorbachev's/Reagan's changing ways-perestroika and glasnost, INF Treaty-
- Perestroika- is a russian world that mena s reconstruting o rebuilding
-it was commonly used in the 1980 in the su by the leader gorbchev
-it ws used during the communist party reform alot
-i was a part of the revoultion of 1989 nd the end of the cold war
-Glasnost-it means by openess it ws used by gorbachev the most
-he used it to mena the policies he thought were open minded
-policies he though would help stop the corruption of the communist party
-this word had been in a dictionary for as long as they around sid alexeyeva
-INF TREATY stands for intermediate range nuclear foce teaty
-it was an agreenment signed in 1987 by the us and us
-the treaty eliminated nuclear and conveninal gournd launches
-ballistic and cruise missles wre not alliowed to be used in the intermideiate ranges
-reagan and gorbachev
-reagan was the pres and one of the pole who signed the treaty
-gochcev was the other guy who signed the trey
-he was the leader of the soviet union
-they signed the trety because of how it would comeif one country would use it so would the other.
Why the us won the cold war
su invdaes afghanistan
-prime minister, haifullah amin invaded to end muslin traditions and take over land
-communist govt doesnt belieft in reliegion
-soldiers that deserted the su to go to the uslim group
-young russians wre no match for muslins; 3 yrs muslims crontrolled 75%
-us put ban on xport of gain o russia; knew russia ad got into their own vietnam
-mikhail gorbachev took russia out of afghanistan
regan and gobachev meetings
-before gorb (1985) rganins aid su was nd ''evil empire''
-regan and gorb at frist didnt trust each other
-disrmament plant: 50% reduction in nuclear arsenals
-gorb different goasl--glasnot and perestroika
-chenobyl disaters : relaized nuclear weapons were not the aswer
-regan propsed getting rid of all the nuclear weaponsand build an sdi system
-gob relized regan wnt going to ttack
-trusted each other in ending the build up of nuclear weapons
-" the nam who beat communist'' but gave alot of credit to gorb
Glasots and perestrokia
-people buying low-quality itemsand suffered from shortage of freedom
-peresrokia: priate businsesses, ending price contol by govt citizens have some say in govt
-glasnot: ''openess"
-goal: included more popel in political process and allowed cirtism of goct officials
Pope John Paul II and Margaret Thatcher
-trip to poland pjp
-revoluciton of sipirt movitcated for freedom pjp
-prime minister of great britain-alli mt
-supported of reagan;vocal about wrongs of commistm mt
17. the fall of communism and the end of the cold war
-the fall of communism, the ocllaps fo communism the revoluction fo eastern europe were he reolutions that over threw the ''soviet style'' communist states easterbloc european countreis
-the cold war was dominated international affairs for decades and many major crisis' coccureed, the cuban missile crisis, vietnam, and the berlin wall are just a few of them
********-the countries involved in the revolutions of 1989 or the fall of communism. are polan, hungary, east germany, bulgaria, czechoslovakia, and romaina
-it was called the cold war becuase no one acccually faught
-end of the coldwar there were alot of treatiesand beganto reduce their number of nuclear weapons that each posssessed, so finally their fcountries becmae moe able to act like humans
Presidential Blogs!!!
Notes:
Harry TRUMAN
-1945-1953
-was a democrate
-33rd pres
-came into office cause fdr died
-was reelected
- was against dewey. dewey defeats truman was a headline but truman won
-didnt know anything about the manhattan project
-passed the fair deal
-it was compared to the new deal
- strongly supported cival rights
-desegragated the us military
-created the truman doctorine
-truman fired macarthur this made him very unpopular
-was an assanation attempt.
-had the marshall plan
-passed the 22 ammendment...which says you can only serve 2 terms
-no more than 10 years
-was the pres wen WWII ended
-pres who
-believed in the domino affect
-helped organizeand join the united nations
-created teh Cia and the nationsal security council
-there was the dixiecrates were democrates that didnt like blacks and were very segragated
-believed that isreal should be there
Dwight Eisenhower
-34th pres
-republican party
-served from 1953-1961
-first pres to lead all 50 states
-ended the korean war
-created NASA
-famous WWII gerneral
-didnt know what paty he was until this election
-had to deal alot with the cold war
-richard nixon was his vp
-diagnossed with Crohn's diesase and had a minor stroke while pres
-won pretty easlie against stevenson...stevensen lost twice to him
-people trusted him
-had a minor stoke during presdency
-dominated y the col war- containment policy
-also used CIA to do covert-ops to disrupt communist governments abroad (iran. guatamala)
-open relations with spain
-ended the koreadn conflict as promisted in his 1952 eletion campaign
-defesice alliances were signed with south korea and taiwan
-SEATO was formed South Eastn Asia Treaty Organization
-increased us involvemnt in Southeast Asia (Vietnam)-US advistors sent
-developed idea that nuclear weapons would be defensive weapons (deterrence)
-NASA created due to Soviet Sputnik launch
-US spy plane (U-2) was shot down over USSR
-allowed McCarthy to do his thing but privately did not approve
-Eisenhower Doctrine which was a doctorine saying you could request help from us to give you aid...like money or weapons. it was aimed at communist
-believedin laissez-faire
-believed in a balanced budget
-deported around 1 million illegal immigrants (mostly Mexicans)
-sent federal troops to little rock arkansas to help in the desgration of all public schools -1954- brown case...this deals with little rock 9
-helped passs the federal aid highway act of 1956 which created the united states unterstate highways
John F.Kennedy
-i did this blog
-35th president
-1961-1963
-assintated by lee harvey oswald
-ran against vp richard nixon
-first presidential televised debates took place
-many say this helped JFK win the election
-old war issues dominated kennedy's presidnecy
-berlin wall was built in 1961
-said "ask not what you country can do for you; ask what you can do fo ryour country".
-bay of pids insation- 1961
-cuban missile crisis
-alliance fro progessive with latin america
-kenndy increaded the number of helicopters, military advisors and undeclared U.S. spcial froces in the Vietmnam
-the CIA helped the new Ba'ath party government overthrow ommunist in iraq. this new party systematically murdered alrge numbers of educated eleict--killings in which saddam hussein himself issaid to have participated
-nuclear test ban treaty was signed in 1963
-The New Frontier
-promised federal funding fo :
1)education
2)medical care for elderly
3)ecomnomic aid toural reginons
4)government intervention to halt the recession
5) end ractial discrimination
-peace corps was established in 1961 where americans volunteer to help underdevelped nations in areas such as education, farming, heath care, and construction
-signed the Equial Pay act of 1963, a federal law aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex
-JFK wanted us to get a man on the moon
Lyndon Johnson
- JFK's VP
-took over as president after JFk was assassinated
-Daisy Girl and Ice Cream are two of his campain commericals that basically won his presidency
-johnson used scare tatics
-put together the WArren commision to investigate the JFK asssasssination
-passed citivil rights aCT OF 1964 which outlawed most forms of racial segreation
-passed Voting Rights Act (1965) which outlawed discrimation in voting thus allowing millions of southern blacks to vote for the first time
-started affirmative action laws
-passed immigation act of 1965 which allowed more non-european people to immigrate to US. Immigratin more than doubled between 1965-1970
-Johnsons plant to:
-aid education
-attack diseases
-medicare and medicaid
-urban renewal
-beautification, consercation, develpoed of depressed regions
-war on poverty
-control and prevetion of crime
-romoval of obstacles to the right to vote
-elemmatary and secondary education act of 1965--for the frist time large amounts of money went to public schools
-higher education act of 1965 which focused fundering lower income students like grants work astudy money and government loans
-set up the national endowment for the humanities and the nationsal enddownment for the arts
-econgomic oppertunity act helped starte head start, food stamps, work study, medicare, and medicaid
-gun control act of 1968 regualtes the firearms industry and firearms owners paked in response to the assassination of JFK, RFK, and MLK
-the veitnam conflisct dominate much of Johnso's presidency
-believed in the domino theory
-gulf of tonkin resolution (1964) -congress gave johnson power to wage war in Vietnam as he saw fit
Richard Nixon
-Republican
-37th president
-1969-1974
-vp of eisenhower
-lost 1960 election to JFK
-the only person to be eleced twice to both the presidency and VP
-only president to resign from office
-vienam conflict dominated much of his presidency- war became very unpopular
-poromised to end the war - "Peach with honor"
-expanded the war to the combodia and loas-bombing ho chi minh trail
-started pulling troops out of vietnam as promised
-the nixon doctorine- "vitnamization" of the war
-Paris Peach Accords signed in 1973 stopped the fighting and go the US out of the war
-national enviropmental policy act
-clean air act of 1970
-Federal Water Pollution Control ACt
-Established many government agencies
1 enviromental protection agency
2 occupational safety and health administration
3 council of enviromental quality
-war on drugs -1971
-supplemental security income --provides $$ to low-income people who are either aged, blind or disabled
-saw large scale integration of schools in the south
-supposrted affirmative action
-signed Title IX (1972) probibitng gender discrimiation in all federally funded schools
-equally emplyment opportunity act-enforces laws against work place discrimination based on an indeiviual's race, color, natioal origin, religinon, sex, age, perceived intelligence and disablity
-abortion was legalized duing nizon's presidency (roe v. Wade -1973)
-US astromauts landed on the moon -1969
-nixon apprioved the development of NASA's Space Shuttle program
-in 1972, President Nixon Traveled to China where the president wsas to have direct talks with MAo Zedong and Chou En-lai
-this eased relations with the US and China adn China (not Taiwan) was recognized as the official China
-went to Moscow in 1972
-SALT I was signed, limiting nuclear weapons
-Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was signed which banned the development of systems designed to intercept incoming missiles
-this led to the new era of '' peachfull co-existence'' and detente with the USSR
-supported israel in the youm kippur war (1973) where israel was attacked by egypt and syria
-this support of israel led to teh 1973 oil crissis where OPEC countrie did not trade oil with the US as a result
-Nixon lowered the maximum US speed limit to 55 mile per hour to conserve gasoline during the4 crises
-nixon took us completely off the gold standard
-resigned on August
Gerald Ford
-republican
-38th pres
-1974-1977
-nixon's vp
-only vp or pres not to be elected
-offered conditional amnesty program for vietman war draft dodgers who had fled to countries such as candad
-"whip inflaion now" called for americans to reduce their speding and consumtion to reduce their spending and consumption in an attempt to stop inflation
-education for all handicapped children act (1975) established special education in school thought out US
-continued detente with ussr
-ford wanted to help south vietnam when north vietnam invaded in 1974 but congress refused
-by april 1975, all of vietnam became communist
-indochina migration and refugee assistance act was passed to allow refugees to immigrate to the US
Comments