Mr. Bruns started the class period trying to guess all of our pictures. Pretty unsuccessful if I may say so myself.
I. Treaty of Versailles
-know what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWII
*Land lost by Axis powers, especially Germany & Soviet Union. Germany lost land to France Belgium Denmark and Czechoslovakia. Land lost by Germany after WWI was regained by Hitler shortly after. League of Nations agreed not to get involved because it wasn't a big deal. Germany's army reduced to a hundred thousand men; army not allowed tanks or an airforce. West of the Rhineland and 50 km east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone. No German weapons allowed here. Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars and had to accept the War Guilt Clause. They were forbidden to join with Austria. League of Nations set up to keep the peace. United States never joined because they feared it would drag us into war constantly. It required unanimous vote for things to get passed.
II. League of Nations
-define and explain it's weaknesses
-Why didn't the US join
III. Know the basics about the following countries:
-How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country
-How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).
-What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.
-How was this country involved on WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)
Germany
-reduced military, paid 33 billion, accepted war guilt clause. had a Weimar Republic, after war.. people often blamed their problems on the government. Hitler became chancellor, and then dictator, rebuilt military. Told people what they wanted to hear.. gave them jobs.. got people on his side. Took away rights from Jews. Jews pushed to ghettos, concentration camps, then death camps. Genocide. Hitler wanted to send all Jews to Madagascar. Hitler's goals were to make Germany strong again, militarily.. reunite German-speaking peoples, land lost in WWI.. Creation of the Arian race. Blitzkrieg; lightning war.. German advance. Lost millions in WWII. Cities bombed and destroyed. Remaining Nazi's were put on Nuremburg trials; war-crime trials.
Italy
Soviet Union
-Were not in league of nations, lost a lot of land b/c of Paris Peace Conference. Was given to Poland. They became communist. Bolshevic revolutions. Vladimir Lenin was the first leader of the Soviet Union. Stalin military leader, wanted to build up military, get back lost land. Got rid of people he couldn't trust. Able to do this because he was dictator. Five-year plans: improve agricultural and industrial output. Collectivization: Process where government takes over farms. Nationalization: Government taking charge of economy. 10 million people died. Secure borders; made sure countries surrounding them liked them. Military strategy; defensive. Scorched-earth policy; burning everything as they retreated so Germans couldn't use it. After WWII, U.S. and Soviets became 2 most powerful nations in the world.
Japan
-wanted to expand to China, but Treaty of Versailles didn't allow that, rather they were granted land from Germany. Wanted China because Japan lacks natural resources, tarriffs were high. Hirohito emperor; main goal was to strengthen military power. Tojo military leader. Came to power because previous leader didin't want war.. people of Japan disagreed and followed Tojo. Japan wanted to control islands and trade, U.S. stood in the way of both. Japan built up military and invaded China. Yamamoto; Pearl Harbor.. bombed us b/c they wanted oil and to trade with us. Rape of Nan King; 40-80,000 women raped by Japanese soldiers.
Great Britain
-had many war reparations paid by Germany to them. Nevil Chamberlain; prime minister.. not popular. Winston Churchill. Battle of Britain, bombing every night. Wanted to stop Hitler. Last country not allied by Hitler or controlled by Hitler. Lost many battles because they weren't prepared for war on land. Eventually controlled the air. Held ground until U.S. entered war.
France
-Leader, Clemenceau, hated Germany. Germany paid reparations to France. Dismanteled German military. Rhineland area de-militarized. Had a constitutional monarchy. Vichy government led by Marshal Petain. He did everything that Hitler told him to. Southern France controlled by Marshal Petain, North controlled by German Nazi's. Taken over by Germany in 1940. Free French underground, led by Charles de Gaulle. Fled France and stayed in London. Wanted their country back. Defeat Hitler. Hold on to empire. Military strategy; Maginot line- huge line on borders of Germany and Italy of tanks and concrete, used to slow down Germany so they would have time to prepare for an attack. Maginot line didn't work. France focused on defensive strategies. WWII put them into a heavy recession. They relied mainly on laissez-faire. High casualties. No longer a great power.
China
-Chiang Kai Shek; leader of China. Led nationalist party. He began campaigning to take back all lost land. Was going to be taken over by major powers, but U.S. thought of open-door policy. Allied with communist party to conquer Shanghai. Chiang Kai Shek and Mao Zedong had a civil war. Shek was nationalist and Zedong was communist. We supported Shek. Japan invades China in 1931, taking Manchuria for resources. 1937; Japan invades again and took more land. After that, Shek and Zedong decide to work together to fight off the Japanese. Japan raped Chinese women. Neither side could get the upper-hand.
US
-Treaty of Versailles didn't affect us as much, didn't lose land and we didn't join league of nations because we thought it would drag us into war. We didn't pass the Treaty of Versailles. Democracy. FDR made new deal program, wanted to restore economic prosperity. Wanted to stop Germany. WWI was supposed to be the end of all wars; Kellogg-Briand pact outlawed war. Military created job opportunities. We passed many neutrality acts in the 30's in an effort to stay out of the next war. Military strategy based on isolationism. After we got involved, we were a main power. We had a massive amount of troops and we had a very strong homefront. Allied power. WWII's impact got us out of the Great Depression, released racial tension, gave more independence to women. We emerged as a world Superpower.
Canada
-Not affected by Treaty of Versailles. Didn't really want anything from it in terms of benefits. Canada got more recognition as an independent country after WWI and WWII. Constitutional monarchy because they were controlled by Great Britain. McKenzie King was the leader at the time. Cared about the interests of the people. Wanted to expand nation's revenue and push towards independence.. also social reform. Role in WWII; many troops, helped them out of Great Depression, support system, made many goods such as military vehicles. Allied Powers. Very industrial during the war.
Australia
-Did not sign Treaty of Versailles. Basically just a place to fight. Owned by Great Britain. When Great Britain declared war, so did Australia.
IV. Hitler's Treatment of the Jews
-Jews burned, gassed. 6 million killed; genocide. Holocaust. Sent to concentration and death camps. Jews, gypsies, handicapped people, slavic people, poles, homosexuals, communists, dark skinned people, mixed races, and Jehovah's Witnesses were all inferior according to Hitler. Aryan; master race, pure blood, blonde haired and blue eyed. Lebensborn-Fount of Life- houses set up throughout Germany; program to promote growth of Aryan populations. Temporarily suspended civil liberties from all German citizens in 1933(were never restored). First concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. First inmates were 200 communists. Jews prohibited from working as teachers, civil servants, and doctors. Nearly all Jewish students banned from public highschools and colleges. Nuremburg laws 1935- took away German citizenship from Jews, making them second class citizens.. As little as being 1/4 Jewish put you at risk.. Jews could only marry Jews.. no sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews. 1936; Nazis boycott Jewish businesses. 1938; Kristallnacht; "Night of the Broken Glass"; Nazi gangs of youth roamed through Jewish neighborhood and broke window of Jewish businesses and homes, burned synagogues and looting. Jews physically attacked and beaten. All Jewish children expelled. Nazis took over Jewish businesses. 1939; Hitler ordered murder or mentally and physically disabled. Jews required to wear armbands with Star of David. 1940; Jews deported to Poland. Jews forced into ghettos. Begin first mass murder of Jews in Poland. 1941; German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar-largest single massacre of the Holocaust. First death camp at Chelmno in Poland built to kill Jews. 1942; Nazi officials announce "Final Solution"; plan to kill all European Jews. Five death camps begin operating in Poland; Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka, Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau. Ghettos emptied and Jews shipped to death camps. U.S. Great Britain and Soviet Union acknowledge tthat Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe.
V. Munich Conference-Policy of Appeasement
VI. US Role in the 1920's/1930's
-Washington Naval Conference
-Kellog-Briand Pact
-Neutrality Acts throughout the 1930's
-Quarantine Speech
-Bases for Destroyers
-Lend-Lease Act
VII. Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
VIII. Outbreak of War--Blitzkrieg!!
-Japan and China
-Germany and Poland
-Germany and France
-Germany and Great Britain
-Germany and the Soviet Union
IX. Pearl Harbor
Important People:
Hitler- Germany; Axis
-Wrote Mein Kampf while in prison, means my struggle. Portrays them as evil, blamed them for many things, accused them of rape. Propaganda.
Mussolini- Italy; Axis
Churchill- Great Britain; Allies
FDR- U.S.; Allies
Tojo- Japan; Axis
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