U.S. Homefront: What people do at home to help with the war.
1. 1940 Selective Training and Service Act:
■First peacetime draft in U.S. History
■Passed by FDR who really wanted the U.S. to get into the war
■Even though we were officially a neutral country, FDR knew that we would eventually get into the war
■Congress passed this act so that we would fill our military needs
■When a draft comes around and your name is called, you would have to go and serve in the war
■This was used until 1973
■After 1973, the U.S. military used volunteers instead
2. Women's Role in WWII
■Rosie the Riveter represented women workers in WWII
■She was the poster child for women--"We Can Do It!"
■This encouraged them to keep working in the factories because they were afraid that they would lose their feminine side
■Women were very much needed so working in the factories helped them to get more rights
■Another popular job for women was being a nurse
■This was also a very important role for them and many of them met their future husbands in this way
■Women were also needed as waitresses, elevator operators, messengers, teachers, conductors and many other jobs that men would typically do
■Propaganda posters told the women that we would win sooner if they got involved
■WAC: the Women's Army Corps worked with testing things, typing, and desk jobs such as making maps and producing photography
■WAVES was the women's navy, they would become secretaries and answer phones
■WASP was the women's equivelant of the airforce
■They would test out new airplanes and transport them from place to place
■Every branch of the military had their own form for women
3. African-American's role in WWII:
■African Americans were segregated from Whites in WWII
■All other races were seen as inferior to the whites
■Many African Americans joined the war and became pilots and fought on the front lines against the enemy
■The Tuskegee Airmen were black pilots
4. Asian's role in WWII:
5. Hollywood's role in WWII:
■Hollywood made films for propaganda and also for entertaining troops
■This encouraged people to buy war bonds and do their part in the war
- Bob Hope and the USO Tour:
- Entertained troops with movies, dancing, singing, etc. and to give them something to enjoy while they had some time off
6. Office of Price Administration:
- Was set up in 1941 to administer price controls and rations
- 8000 rationing boards were created with 200,000 volunteers to assist the 60,000 employees of teh agency
- Food rationing included restrictions on sugar and meat and clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon
- These items had to be rationed so there would be enough for the troops
- Gasoline rationing began in May of 1942 and limited the use of gas to five gallons a week
- By the end of 1942, half of the nation's automobiles were issued an A sticker, meaning they were allowed only four gallons a week
- The other half of automobiles had either a B sticker (for war workers) or a C sticker (vital occupation such as doctor) These stickers allowed more gas
- Truckers had T stickers for unlimited amounts of gas
- A black market developed in stolen or counterfeit stickers that were used in 5 to 30% of gasoline sales
- By 1945, thousands of motorists were arrested for using false stickers and 4000 gas stations closed
- People would get stamps for food and once your stamps were used up, you were done for the week
- People also had to wait in line a lot to get their supplies
7. War Production Board:
- Tried to make sure that factories made as much as they could and as quickly and efficiently as possible
- Did a great job because we were able to produce everything we needed
8. National War Labor Board:
- Didn't want workers to go on strike
- Encouraged workers to stay at work and encouraged business owners to pay their workers enough so they would not quit
- If workers and owners did not come together, it would hurt the war effort
9. Why The Homefront Helped Win The War:
10. How US/Allies Fought Back Against U-Boats:
11. Intelligence Gathering--Ultra/Magic:
12. Operation Barborossa (USSR vs Germany):
13. Battle in Africa and Italy:
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley:
■George C. Marshall:
■Chief of Staff (head honcho) of the U.S. Military during WWII
15. D-Day: Operation Overlord:
16. Battle of the Bulge:
17. FDR Dies-Truman Takes Over:
18. VE Day:
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa:
20. Navajo Code Talkers:
21. Doolittle's Raid:
22. Manhattan Project:
23. Hiroshima Bombing:
24. Nagasaki Bombing:
25. VJ Day;
26. Yalta Conference:
27. Nuremburg Trials:
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US:
29. Why did the Allies Win WWII?
■With women working in the factories, we had more supplies than the other countries did
■Henry Kaiser owned a shipping company that hired a lot of women and other minorities
■He produced a lot of ships for the war
■The U.S. was the biggest power in the war because of our industrialization
■We were able to make the supplies we needed
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