US Home-front:
1. Selective Training and Service Act
-First peacetime draft in U.S. histroy
-Used until 1973 to fill military needs
-After 1973, U.S. military depended on volunteers to fill needs.
2. Women's role in WWII
-Rosie the Riveter represented women workers in WW2
-When men went to war the women would stay home and help by working in the factory
-Nursing was a big thing that women did.
-Women played as secretaries to send letters and ect. to the families of lost loved ones.
-women worked as farmers, waitresses, typers, elevator operators, teachers, conductors, and other things that men usually worked.
-every branch of military had an army core. WAC-Women's Army Core. They did things to help the military like photography, and helping in factories. WAVES- Women in the navy. They did claricle things. WASP-Women's Army Service Pilots. They tested new aircraft
-Important to can food
3. African-American's role in WWII
-Half a million that served in Europe but were "unfit" people. They were segregated from white. They weren't deemed able to fight in front lines at first.
- Fought in WW2. not seen as people who could fight in front lines. They were cooks and engineers to start off with.
-Worked with white soldiers. Many worked in factories and farms.
4. Asian's role in WWII
-They volunteered. 2 groups of them got purple hearts. They had to wear buttons that say they were Japanese, Asian, and so forth.
-They did interpreting for some of them. Many fought well for out country but were discriminated.
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
- let some of their biggest stares enlist in the war.
-Movies were big propaganda to stay positive or join the army.
-Showed America's heritage and patriotism.
-Some movies showed what was going on over seas.
-used to relax people.
-Entertain the troops.
-Bob hope- was a entertainer. Comedian, singer, actor.
-USO is a non-profit organization that provides entertainment to members of the U.S. military since 1941 and is still around. Bob hope was a big part of this.
-From 1941 to 1947 the USO presented more than 400,000 performances.
- Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Bette Davis, Bob Hope.
6. Office of Price Administration
-Maintained the price of household items during the war.
-They put a limit on how much people could buy.
-people were given ration stamps and had only so many. The ration stamps would last a week before more are given.
-You can't give out your excess stamps to anyone else. You could only use your own.
-We had to cutback to help ration to help with our soldiers and allies.
-Sugar, meat, clothes, gas were all rationed.
-Most people had A sticker which allowed 4 gallons a weeks. B stickers and c stickers were better
7. War Production Board
-The board that regulates and limits the supplies that go to war.
-Rationed things like gasoline, paper, plastic, and other things needed for war.
-Expand businesses and redo businesses to make factories produce more war products.
-Keep production of war things up.
-Didn't want people to waste time during the war.
8. National War Labor Board
-Made sure that workers kept efficient during the war.
-If everyone worked together then we can win because we will produce enough things for the war.
9. Why the Homefront helped win the war
- The U.S. produced so many war goods that we couldn't be stopped. Tanks, guns, ammo.
- Women, African Americans, Asians all helped with production of goods.
-Hollywood helped keep the war positive
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
- Convoy system. If merchant ships were lead by war ships then we could defeat the Germans ships.
-Make faster ships that could outrun German ships.
- British changed their codes so Germany couldn't decipher when we would be transporting goods.
-use technology like radar and find were Germany is and avoid the enemy.
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
- Magic was the United States big code decipher utensil. Mainly used against Japan.
-Ultra was the British Decipher used against Germany
-Individual spies in different countries.
-HF/DF- we could find were u-boats were
-Radar-Could find boats above water.
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
-wanted Ukraine for farmland
-Use some people for slave labor.
-Wanted the oil field.
-Thought Stalin was going to attack Germany.
-German invasion of USSR
-largest invasion(greatest land war)...in world history
-June 22, 1941
-Russia & Germany lost more people in this war than the U.S. lost in the whole war
-Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad
-German Army split into 3 sections...Hilter thought we capture these three cities...we're gold
-Stalingrad-took a year to get to stalingrad, Hitler had 90% of the city under German control...than winter happened. Soviets hold out & start pushing back during second winter.
-Took 6 months to get to the 3 cities
-Moscow-October 1941-January 1942...was never invaded...got within 12 miles of it, when winter set in the Germans suffered again & the soviets push back...Moscow was saved. Consequence of this battle...Hitler took over the military
-Leningrad-St. Petersburg today, started on September 8,1941-January 27,1944, one of the longest & most destructive sieges in history & one of the most costly in terms of casualties...during winter cannibalism started to occure. Soviets recaptured the city because the germans started to pull back troops...the Germans never took the city because the civilians never gave in. It was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced.
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
-Africa-North African Campaign...Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the invasion...First area that we fought the vichi french. Lasted little under a year. George Patton was the big general in Africa
-Operation Torch-the name for the invasion of French North Africa started on November 8, 1942
-Italy-started with the invasion of Sicily...it was Britain, Canada & the US, we invaded by air & water, the axis defended Britian but invaded further up and took germany off Sicily...when british invaded further up in italy they didn't think it was going to be a big resistance. Italian government surrendered, Italy was now our allies. Germany still controls Italy but they all retreated because they lost soldiers. Invaded August 1943, then the government gave in.....
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
16. Battle of the Bulge
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
18. VE Day
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa
20. Navajo Code Talkers
21. Doolittle's Raid
22. Manhattan Project
23. Hiroshima bombing
24. Nagasaki bombing
25. VJ Day
26. Yalta Conference
27. Nuremburg Trials
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
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