WW2
Hitler- Germany
Binto Mussolini- Italy
Wiston Churchhill- england
FDR- America
Stallohon-russia
tojo- japan
Vladimir Lenin- russian- bolshevik revolution- russia dropped out ww1- to fight communist
Treaty of Versailles- ended ww1
big four- great britain, france, italy, united states
Non Agression Pact-
Reason war happened- because they wanted land back-germany and russia
Treaty Of Versailles
Territorial/ land was taken away
Germany
lost land to - France, Belgium, Denmark, Chezc, Poland, Others underneath of League of Nations.
Took control of Overseas possesions
return land to russia
Military/ reduced military
no tanks, air force,
only 6 capital naval ships, no subs,
rhineland- demilatireized zone, no soldier or weapon in this area- keep germany out of there army there for 15 years
Hitler pushed in baby steps
Financial/ loss of vital industrial territory, coal was a loss
financial penalties 33 billion dollars, bankrupt them
forbidden to unite with austria to form one superstate
General/ had to take full responsibility for starting war
responsible for war had to pay for it
league of nations- world wide peace keeping group/ work out problems
German reaction
mad about it/ unfair
angry/ forced on them no choice but to sign it
Diktat- dictated peace
capitalist/ communist/ jews- Hitler blames them it on them for signing the treaty
didn't want it signed/ had no choice but to sign it, if they didn't would of started war again
Alliance
seemed to satisfy the big three
kept Germany weak, yet strong enough to keep out communism
french border safe form Germany League of Nations,
Why Senate did not agree -
Us- felt dragged in, didn't pay us back
france- tougher on Germany, international police force, independent coutry between france and germany
GB- both sides to the middle, trade oppurtunities with Germany,
Soviet Union- lost alot of land- no say
Japan- allie in ww1
Weimar Republic- government that controlled Germany after ww1- democratic government- had to follow treaty of Versailles
Hitler used democratic power to come to power
Used government to ake power over country- Hitler dismantled it-
League Of Nations
World wide peace- keeping organization
No Military force
Us never joined
required unanimous vote
Things League of Nations could do
condemn the action- what you are doing- not stopping
economis sanctions- restrictions on economy- trading
The Rise of the Dictators
Kellog- Briand Pact- 1928, outlaw war, can't be enforced
Washintong Naval Conference
4 Power Pact- Great Britain, US, France, Japan- reduce Naval Size
5 Power Pact- China, respect possesions in Pacific
9 Power Pact- Open Door Policy- Free trade in China
Three Great WW II Dictators
1. Adolph Hitler-Germany
2. Benito Mussolini-Italy
3. Iosif Dzhugashvili(Josef Stalin)-Soviet Union
Define totalitarianism.
A government that totally controls every thing Nazism, Facialism, Communism
Why did totalitarianism come about in the 1920’s and 1930’s?
1. Post-war depression
-high inflation
-1923 420 trillion marks to one US dollar- cheaper to burn money than buy wood,
-high unemployment- no jobs, democratic's fault- weren't helping
-democratic governments struggled to end depression- went to democratic person- different type of dealing with it
2. New nations had no experience with democratic governments- failed weren't used to it, thought they needed stronger government, Hitler said that it was weak
3. Democracy brought about a lot of political parties- Too many parties split up votes too much
4. Unhappy with the results of WW I
-wanted revenge- wanted what they lost back, help, money worth something again
Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes
1. Tried to control people of country through fear and intimidation
-secret police force and military- any strong dictator has them, fear, of disappearring
2. Propaganda campaigns promoting the party
-press censorship and control of media- pictures promoting them
3. Educating the young in the ways of totalitarianism
-militarism- building up military, nationalism- belief in your country, imperialism- taking back land, territory, history of country- causes of ww1
building future soldiers- Nazi control over every thing
4. Government controlled the economy
-USSR completely- more control over country
-Germany and Italy partially
5. All preached about the unfairness of WW I
thought it was unfair
6. Leader became iconized
-statues and painting- every where dictator watching you
Benito Mussolini’s Italy
Fascism
Fascist movement began right after WW I
-people were unhappy with the results and the economy
was terrible
-people were scared that the socialists might come to power so many turned to fascism
-including King Victor Emmaneul
Benito Mussolini( Il Duce)
-hated the wealthy and catholic church
-mother forced him to go to catholic school
-expelled for stabbing a rich student
-unsuccessful elementary teaching career
-joined the socialist movement before during WWI
-fought for Italy in WWI-injured
-got involved in Fascist movement after the war
-became the leader of the Fascist movement
-King Victor Emmanuel asked him to be premier in 1922
-by 1926 was complete dictator of Italy
-killed political opponents
Socialism- everyone's equality
Fascist Ideas- totalrian type of government
1. Hated communism and democracy
Democracy- hated it
2. Government’s role is to protect the people of the country
Strong military
3. Nationalism
Strong pride in ones country "Nothing above the state, nothing against the state, nothing outside the state" Italy extreme Nationalism
4. Militarism
building up strong armies and navy's
5. Imperialism
Conquering other lands- Mediterranean Sea, and Africa
6. Corporativism
-industrial leaders and workers must work well together- can't kill off rich, needed them
-detested capitalist’s greedy ways
7. Made Catholicism the national religion
-Mussolini hated religion but realized he needed an alliance with the Catholic Church
-brought many Catholics to support Mussolini- accepted Catholicism
8. Efficiency and order were very important
-Mussolini “made the trains run on time”
Mussolini’s fascism was not as strict as Nazism
-allowed monarchy to continue
-allowed the Catholic Church to continue
Adolf Hitler
- born in 1889 in Austria
- dropped out of school at 16
- wanted to be and artist and architect
- failed to get into art school
- Father beat him- part of the reason he became the way he was
- moved to Germany in 1913
- joined German Army when WWI broke out
- was wounded twice (once by gas)
- won numerous medals
- accepted the “stab in the back” theory- Weimer people stabbed them in the back, by signing the Treaty of Versailles
- hated Weimer Republic
- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI
- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921
- Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:
1. Manual laborers- promised jobs
2. Former soldiers- mitiltarism- no job
3. Adventurers and misfits- so they can fit in
- The Nazi Party:
1. was violently nationalistic- killing people for not beleiving
2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)
3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic
4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority- people came out of the dark and became enlightened best Aryans
Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t
- Failed miserably
- Hitler was arrested for treason
- Got five years but only served 9 months
- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
- Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
1. Aryans were the superior race
- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
- No interbreeding
2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
- Hated Jews, inferior race
- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and Communism
3. Hated democracy
- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and Discipline
4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles
5. Re-unite German speaking peoples
- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
6. Lebensraum
- “Living space” in Russia for the German People
- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”-Hitlers Reich
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