I presented my presentation today
WW1 KEY QUESTIONS
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
Militarism (countries internationally were growing their armies) - wanted to protect empires and colonies. Further national pride. Tried to out-do each other...weapons, amount of men, etc. By 1914 most allied nations had strong, well-built military. Germany attempted to build a more stronger navy than Great Britain. This caused Great Britain to ally itself with Russia and France.
Imperialism (when a strong country tries to take over a weaker country)-European countries wanted part of Asia and most of Africa. Competition for land increased and desires for greater empires increased. Disagreements pushed for war. The want for colonies made rivalries stronger, introducing more conflicts.
Nationalism-Austria-Hungary= one main focal point of nationalistic tendencies. Almost 40 nationalities...important ones were Czechs, Slovakians, Poles, and Slavs. This caused resentment to other nationalities. Resentment made nationalities want to break away from the Empire. Russia was a Slavic nation. Encouraged Slavs to break away from Austria-Hungarian Empire a few times.
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Fernandad
This caused the war to break out. Born in Graz, Austria in 1863. Wasn't popular. Was in the capital of Austria, Serajevo. Invited to inspect army manuevers. Serbian group known as the Blacks Hands killed him on June 28 1914 while there. Though he wasn't well liked, this was an excuse for Austria to go to war with Serbia.
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
Triple Entente eventually turned into the allied powers of WW1. Great Britain, France, Russia
Great Britain and France made peace, and GB made allies with France. GB made settling agreements with Russia.
Allied powers (Entente Powers) - Japan, United States, Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Czechloslovakia legions, Romania, Greece, Montenegro, Belgium and Serbia
Central powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire(Turkey) and the Kingdom of Bulgaria
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
USA goals: 1. Make WW1 the very last wars 2. USA wanted to peacefully end the war 3. USA wanted to stop unrestricted warfare by the Germans 4. Woodrow Wilson- "We want to make the world safe for democracy"
Germany's goals: 1. wanted Great Britain's territories in Africa. 2. Isolate France
Austro-Hungarian goals: 1. Control Serbia 2. Control the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) 3. Defend the border between Italy and Austria-Hungary
French goals: 1. Avenge previous Military defeats 2. Cripple German Industrial Capacity 3. Become the Dominate Continental Power
Great Britain's goals: 1. Maintain Superpower Status, as #1 Nation in the world 2. Abate the German Threat 3. Protect France and Belgium
Italy's goals: 1. Take over Germany's Colonies in Africa 2. Divert Attention from Domestic Issues
Russia's goals: 1. Eliminate Germany 2. Gain control of the Bosphorus
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
Battle of Guise: launched by French General Charles Lanrezac's Fifth Army. French vs Germany. Took place on 8/29/1914. Won by Germany.
The Battle of Cambrai, 1917: Uk (Great Britain) vs Germany. It was a tie.
First Battle of Champagne. 1914: French vs Germany. Indecisive battle. (tie)
Battle of Mulhouse, 1914: French vs Germany. France lost, Germany won.
Battle of Verdun: Germany vs French. Britain was the Germans biggest competition and France was Britains greatest ally. Fought at Verdun because they believed these forts had sentimental value to the French. They wanted to "bleed France white". Battle of Verdun was one of the longest battles in WW1 (10 months). The French were victorious in the battle of verdun.
Battle of the Liege: 1st battle of WW1. Belgium vs Germany. Commanded by Karl Von Bulow the Liege in Belgium. Germany's second army of 320,000 men. Why? To get to France. Belgiums still controlled by the end of the day. On August 15, Germany won the battle and contined to France.
Battle of the Somme: It was a plan by the British to inflict heavy losses to the German Army. To help out the French at Verdun. It started with a week long artillery bombardment at the Germans. 1,738,000 shells were fired at Germans. British and French vs Germany. So many died because the theory of attrition-you would eventually grind down your enemy and that they would have to yield. The inexperienced volunteer armies, mostly on the Germany side. The British and the French won in the Battle of Somme. The British and the French had advanced a thirty-mile strip that was seven miles deep at the most.
Battle of Ypres: Great Britain, French, Belgium vs Germany. Fought at Ypres due to the strategic positions. To the north of ypres, canals and rivers links ypres to the ocean. all major roads converged at Ypres. Gives height advantages to whoever controlled it. Fighting was fierce and neither side could claim Ypres. weather made fighting difficult. Germans attacked with deadly chlorine gas. Canadians used hankerchiefs soaked in water to protect themselves. Total deaths on both sides was 1,700,000. The allies won when the Americans joined in 1917.
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
The north sea: main body of naval war. Britain tried blocking Germany off from overseas trade and resources.
The First Battle of Heligoland Bight. UK vs Germany. First naval battle of WW1. Strengths of UK-5 battle cruisers, 8 light cruisers, 33 destroyers and 8 submarines. Germany strengths-6 light cruisers, 19 torpedo boats, 12 mine sweeps and 16 destroyers. British Victory. Due to the German losses, the Wilham Kaiser orders the fleets to request permission before engaging in battle.
The Battle of Coronel: UK vs Germany. German Victory. The UK commander Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock was killed.
The Battle of the Falkland Islands: Britain vs Germany. British Victory. German commerce raiding on the high seas came to the end.
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
Neutrality. Being impartial in thought and in action.
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
Militarism (countries internationally were growing their armies) - wanted to protect empires and colonies. Further national pride. Tried to out-do each other...weapons, amount of men, etc. By 1914 most allied nations had strong, well-built military. Germany attempted to build a more stronger navy than Great Britain. This caused Great Britain to ally itself with Russia and France.
Imperialism (when a strong country tries to take over a weaker country)-European countries wanted part of Asia and most of Africa. Competition for land increased and desires for greater empires increased. Disagreements pushed for war. The want for colonies made rivalries stronger, introducing more conflicts.
Nationalism-Austria-Hungary= one main focal point of nationalistic tendencies. Almost 40 nationalities...important ones were Czechs, Slovakians, Poles, and Slavs. This caused resentment to other nationalities. Resentment made nationalities want to break away from the Empire. Russia was a Slavic nation. Encouraged Slavs to break away from Austria-Hungarian Empire a few times.
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Fernandad
This caused the war to break out. Born in Graz, Austria in 1863. Wasn't popular. Was in the capital of Austria, Serajevo. Invited to inspect army manuevers. Serbian group known as the Blacks Hands killed him on June 28 1914 while there. Though he wasn't well liked, this was an excuse for Austria to go to war with Serbia.
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
Triple Entente eventually turned into the allied powers of WW1. Great Britain, France, Russia
Great Britain and France made peace, and GB made allies with France. GB made settling agreements with Russia.
Allied powers (Entente Powers) - Japan, United States, Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Czechloslovakia legions, Romania, Greece, Montenegro, Belgium and Serbia
Central powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire(Turkey) and the Kingdom of Bulgaria
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
USA goals: 1. Make WW1 the very last wars 2. USA wanted to peacefully end the war 3. USA wanted to stop unrestricted warfare by the Germans 4. Woodrow Wilson- "We want to make the world safe for democracy"
Germany's goals: 1. wanted Great Britain's territories in Africa. 2. Isolate France
Austro-Hungarian goals: 1. Control Serbia 2. Control the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) 3. Defend the border between Italy and Austria-Hungary
French goals: 1. Avenge previous Military defeats 2. Cripple German Industrial Capacity 3. Become the Dominate Continental Power
Great Britain's goals: 1. Maintain Superpower Status, as #1 Nation in the world 2. Abate the German Threat 3. Protect France and Belgium
Italy's goals: 1. Take over Germany's Colonies in Africa 2. Divert Attention from Domestic Issues
Russia's goals: 1. Eliminate Germany 2. Gain control of the Bosphorus
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
Battle of Guise: launched by French General Charles Lanrezac's Fifth Army. French vs Germany. Took place on 8/29/1914. Won by Germany.
The Battle of Cambrai, 1917: Uk (Great Britain) vs Germany. It was a tie.
First Battle of Champagne. 1914: French vs Germany. Indecisive battle. (tie)
Battle of Mulhouse, 1914: French vs Germany. France lost, Germany won.
Battle of Verdun: Germany vs French. Britain was the Germans biggest competition and France was Britains greatest ally. Fought at Verdun because they believed these forts had sentimental value to the French. They wanted to "bleed France white". Battle of Verdun was one of the longest battles in WW1 (10 months). The French were victorious in the battle of verdun.
Battle of the Liege: 1st battle of WW1. Belgium vs Germany. Commanded by Karl Von Bulow the Liege in Belgium. Germany's second army of 320,000 men. Why? To get to France. Belgiums still controlled by the end of the day. On August 15, Germany won the battle and contined to France.
Battle of the Somme: It was a plan by the British to inflict heavy losses to the German Army. To help out the French at Verdun. It started with a week long artillery bombardment at the Germans. 1,738,000 shells were fired at Germans. British and French vs Germany. So many died because the theory of attrition-you would eventually grind down your enemy and that they would have to yield. The inexperienced volunteer armies, mostly on the Germany side. The British and the French won in the Battle of Somme. The British and the French had advanced a thirty-mile strip that was seven miles deep at the most.
Battle of Ypres: Great Britain, French, Belgium vs Germany. Fought at Ypres due to the strategic positions. To the north of ypres, canals and rivers links ypres to the ocean. all major roads converged at Ypres. Gives height advantages to whoever controlled it. Fighting was fierce and neither side could claim Ypres. weather made fighting difficult. Germans attacked with deadly chlorine gas. Canadians used hankerchiefs soaked in water to protect themselves. Total deaths on both sides was 1,700,000. The allies won when the Americans joined in 1917.
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
The north sea: main body of naval war. Britain tried blocking Germany off from overseas trade and resources.
The First Battle of Heligoland Bight. UK vs Germany. First naval battle of WW1. Strengths of UK-5 battle cruisers, 8 light cruisers, 33 destroyers and 8 submarines. Germany strengths-6 light cruisers, 19 torpedo boats, 12 mine sweeps and 16 destroyers. British Victory. Due to the German losses, the Wilham Kaiser orders the fleets to request permission before engaging in battle.
The Battle of Coronel: UK vs Germany. German Victory. The UK commander Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock was killed.
The Battle of the Falkland Islands: Britain vs Germany. British Victory. German commerce raiding on the high seas came to the end.
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
Neutrality. Being impartial in thought and in action.
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
Germans destroying U-boats (Lusitania), American business
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
Battle of Cantigny(May28-30, 1918)-US(W) & France(W) vs Germany(L),
3rd Battle of Aisne(May 27- June 6, 1918)- France(L) & Britain(L) & US(L) vs Germany(W)
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
11. Describe trench warfare.
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
11. Describe trench warfare.
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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