WWI stuff!!!
Goals of the Major Countries in WWI.
+The major countries are Germany, Austira-Hungary, Italy, Turkey, France, Russia, Great Britain, and United States. +
- Germany
- Bring all people together-- all the germans. They wanted to become a European/World power.
- They wanted to remove France as a competitor.
- They wanted to obtain colonies in Europe and the Middle East.
- They also wanted to build up military and Industrialize.
- Austria-Hungary
- Take control of Serbia.
- Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
- They wanted tos top Serbian actions in order to keep the Slavs in Austria-Hungary under control.
- Protect the border.
- Italy wanted to nationalize it's people
- Italy
- Gain control of the Irredenta.
- Under Austrian-Hungarian rule, but heavily populated by Italians.
- Acquire colonies from Germany.
- Sided with the Allied powers.
- Turkey
- Unify the country.
- Stop the destruction of the Ottoman Empire.
- Restore the dominance of Turkey in Europe.
- Expand the nation by obtaining colonies.
- Gain resources and boost their economy.
- France
- Retake Alsace-Lorraine.
- Falling behind in industrialization.
- Wanted to weaken Germany's industrial power.
- Emerge as a European/World power.
- Stabilize their political system.
- Russia
- Remove Germany as a challenger for land.
- Become a
- chief military power once again.
- Be in command of the Bosphorus Strait.
- Help Serbia with Austria-Hungary.
- Political influences in smaller countries.
- Great Britain
- Preserve their status as a Superpower.
- Had to stay ahead of other countries.
- Noticed Germany was building a navy.
- Defend Belgium and France.
- Land as well.
- United States
- Wilson's 14 points.
- Peace throughout Europe.
- Wilson stated that he wanted to make the world safe for democracy
- Keep Germany from messing with U.S. shipping.
- Make sure the Allied powers pay off their debt.
Land Battles--Before the US is involved.
- Battle of Verdun- 1916
- French vs. German
- 10 months.
- French 540,000 people.
- Germany 430,000 people.
- No advantages to either side, so a fair fight.
- France won.
- First battle of Marne- 1914
- Miracle of Marne.
- First WW battle fought between September 5th and 12th in 1914.
- France and the UK fought against the German Empire.
- British troops had suffered heavy casualities during the German attack into France.
- The Commander of the British Expeditionary blamed his losses on the French.
- France and the UK had 263, 000 injuries and 81,700 deaths.
- The German Empire had 220,000 deaths.
- France and the UK won.
- Second Battle of Yepres- 1915.
- The first time Germany used poison gas on a large scale basis on the Western Front.
- April 22, 1915-May 25, 1915.
- The battle was between France, Army of Africa, UK, Canada, and British India who fought as Allies vs. the German Empire.
- The Germans had been waiting for the perfect breeze since January of their release of their poinson gas onto the Allies. And so they got that breeze on April 22.
- They let out a toooon of gas.
- France, Army of Africa, UK, Canada, and British India had 70,000 dead, wounded, or missing.
- German Empire had ... yeah.=_= stupid clicker.
- No winner. Stalemate.
- First battle of Somme - 1915.
- Somme Offensive. July 1 and November 15, 1916.
- Bloodiest day in history.
- British had 57,470 injuries. 19,000 killed.
- French had 7,000 killed
- The German Empire had 8,000 dead or wounded and 2,200 prisoners.
- Inconclusive.
- Germans retreated about fourty miles.
- Officially no winner, but Germany retreating....
- The first battle of Champagne- 1914
- Early in WWI.
- French vs. German Empire.
- December 20th 1914-March 17th, 1915.
- Pretty even fight.
- Both the French and the German Empire had lost about 90,000 soldiers.
Land Battles Continued.
- Battle of Liege-1914
- Began August 5, 1914.
- First land battle.
- Belgium vs. Germany
- German (320,000) advanced on Belgians (70,000) in Liege.
- Heavy German losses by heavily armed forts.
- Germans used howitzers and Zeppelins.
- Ended August 16, 1914
- Battle of Tannenberg- 1914
- Began August 23, 1914
- Russia vs. Germany.
- Miscommunication between Russian armies resulted in a success for Germans.
- Germans encircled Russian army, capturing 92,000 and killing 150,000
- Best battle of WWI for Germany.
- Battle for Gallipoli- 1915
- Began April 25, 1915
- Turkey, Germany, Austria-Hungary vs. UK, France, Russia, Australia, New Zealand.
- Goals of the battle
- knock Turkey out.
- Link with Russians.
- Persuade Balkans to join Allies.
- Allies landed on beaches and tried to go inland.
- Established footholds but lots of casualties.
- Tried several times, but failed.
- Evacuation- December 1915 and January 1916.
- Ended January 9, 1916.
- 480,000 total Allied troops
- 250,000 Allied casualties.
- 250,000 Turkish casualties.
- Battle of Flers-Courcelette - 1916
- Began September 15, 1916.
- First battle with tanks.
- Only 15 of 49 tanks were used in the battle
- Devastating effects of enemy moral, but not good fighting.
- Allies captures Flers, Martinpuich, and Courcelette.
- Ended Spetember 22, 1916.
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Naval Battles
- The North Sea was of great importance, as it was important for trade. Whoever had control of the North Sea could decided who could trade with it. Say the Allies had power of the North Sea, they could potentially make it impossible for their enemies to be able to trade goods into and out of their country.
- Battle of Heligoland Bight-1914
- Fought in the North Sea.
- August 38, 1914
- Great Britain vs. Germany.
- Germany lost four ships, three others were damged. 3,712 died and 149 were wounded and 336 people were captured.
- Great Britain lost no ships, though some were damaged. 35 died, and 55 were wounded.
- Great Britain won.
- Battle of Dogger Bank-1915
- Fought in the North Sea.
- January 24, 1915.
- Great Britain vs. Germany.
- Germany had 954 dead, 80 wounded, 189 captured, and lost one ship.
- Great Britain had 15 die, and yet no ships were lost but some were damaged.
- Great Britain won, again.
- Battle of Jutland-1916
- May 31, 1916 - June 1, 1916
- Germany vs. Great Britain.
- Fighting over control of the North sea.
- Germany lost 11 ships, 3, 115 were killed, and 80 were wounded.
- Great Britain lost 14 ships, 5, 672 were killed.
- Fought in the North Sea.
- Great Britain won.
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US reaction to WWI before our involvement, and causes for US involvement in WWI
- Woodrow Wilson issued a Declaration of Neutrality, August 1914.
- American Farms and Factories fed and armed Europe's armies.
- American manufacturers, and agricultural producers were eager to make money on the need for goods.
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- Causes for US Involvement.
- Unrestricted submarine warfare.
- Type of navel warfare in which submarines sink non navel boats without arning.
- Germany sunk a French boat, the Sussex, and killed about 50 people.
- It scared Wilson...
- So, the Sussex Pledge- Germany pledged to limit unrestricted submarine warfare.
- Germans sank the Lusitania.
- ^ Lusitania- Using posters, etc. they told people not to board the Lusitania... but.. yeah.. They sunk it and people died.
- ^ Key reason for the US joining WWI.
- American Propaganda.
- Increase support for the war.
- Urged people to:
- Plant victory gardens.
- Join the war.
- Greater war production.
- German Dictatorship.
- US business interests.
- Zimmerman note
I presented!!!!! :D
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