WWI Key Questions:
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe? Refer to notes
2. What were the major alliances of WWI? Refer to notes
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
- Austria-Hungary
- Control Serbia-assassination of Ferdinand
- gain control of the Ottoman empire
- defend the border between
- Great Britain
- Maintain themselves as a superpower and a leading country
- worried about a German threat
- Protect France both bering threatened by Germany France and Britain allianced together
- Germany
- Secure/maintain German unification
- Isolate France
- Acquire colonies
- Russia
- got out of war-lost to Germany
- Bulshivik Revolution-Communists religion
- France
- Avenge Previous Military defeats
- Germany-diminish German industrial power
- Became the Dominant Continental Power-improve their position in the world, wanted to defeat their German rivals
- United States
- make world "safe for democracy"-Woodrow Wilson
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
Battle of Verdun- one of the most brutal events, February 21st. Battle of Marne-September 4,1914, because of rapid German advances through Belgium. Battle of Ypres- 5 Battles, paused during the war to celebrate Christmas, last major obstacle to the German advance (Many battles were fought in France) finally ended on October 2nd because of lack of supply. Battle of Somme-July 1st-November 14, 1916. one of the largest battles, British and French vs. Germany
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
- Battle of Jetland-one of the largest, May 21-June 21st
- Battle of Dogger Bank-huge victory for the British
- Battle of Heligoland-first naval battle, August 28, 1914, British victory
- Battle of Coronel-November 1st, 1914, near Chile, German Victory
- Battle of Falkland Islands-December 8th, 1914, German Victory
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
- Woodrow declared neutrality
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
- May 7th, 1915-Germany U-boats at the Lusitania
- 1917-Wilson asked Congress to declare war, entered as an associated power, instead of an official ally
- Upset with G.B. and Germany
- Trade with England rose, Germany declined
- Zimmerman Note-coded telegram sent by Arthur Zimmerman on January 16, 1917, was intercepted by the British cryptographers, given to the newpapers and out raged the public
- Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the United States
- Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won
- Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe
- Beliefs of War Hawks
- Trade with England increased, Germany decreased as years went on
- British and American Propaganda
- Preparedness Program-US started arming and preparing for war
- American Business-munitions business pushed US into war to make money
- German declaration of "unlimited submarine warfare"
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
- Battle of Cantigny-near Paris, US and France vs Germany, May 1918, first significant battle
- Battle of Belleau Wood-January 1919, France, British, United States vs Germany
- Battle Lehamel-July 1918-Australia, United States, United Kingdom vs German empire, first time Americans used offense, helped the Allies defeat the Germans
- Second Battle of Marne- August 1918 France, UK, US, Italy vs German Empire, very important victory, ended string of German victories.
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
- Schlieffen Plan-German plan of attack, Alfred von Schlieffen, 90% of German forces move toward France, went through Belgium, Belgium stronger than anticipated
- Plan 17-France, Ferdinand Foch, "I'm gonna beat you know matter what"
- Plans G-Germany attacks Russia, let invade Russia
- Plan 19-Germany attacks France, two armies attack while the rest protect Russia from Austria Hungary
- American Expeditionary Force-Select American Troops, deployed to assist French Britain Forces
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
11. Describe trench warfare.
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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