1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
Militarism: All the Large countries were building up their militarys to either take other countries over or defend themselves.
Imperialism: Empire building, bigger countries taking over smaller ones. The larger countries had war over who got what land(mainly European countries).
Nationalism: an extreme sense of pride in your country.
Economic competition: Britain, France and Germany all fighting for colonies and resources.
M.I.N.E.S.What really kick started the war was the assassination of Archduke Frans Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, causing a chain reaction between alliances.
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
When two or more countries join together as partners/friends in time of war. The allied powers and the central powers. The central powers included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. The allied powers consisted of the United States (1917), Great Britain/UK, France, Russia, and Italy.
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
U.S-Make the world safe for democracy.
France- Paired up with G.B to fight off Germany. Wanted to gain a lot of land. France really wanted to punish Germany severely and take their land. They also desired to obtain Turkish Colonies
Great Britain-Get German colonies in Africa, get Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
Germany- Wanted land from France and Great Britain, Wanted most of western Russia. Take over French and British colonies in Africa.
Russia-Wanted control of the Dardenelle and Bosporus Straits in Turkey.
Austria Hungary- Self preservation
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
Battle of Gallipoli. The french bombarded Germany who was trying to take land from Turkey.
Battle of Verdun: Germany wanted to attack Verdun and they knew that they couldn't beat the French but fought anyway in order to cause great casualties from the French. The longest battle of WWI
Battle of Somme
Battle of Bella Wood
The Lost Batallion
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
Battle of Durazzo- The biggest battle that the US fought in WWI. Goal of securing the North sea.
Germans used U-boats.
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
We wanted to remain neutral and stay out of the war. We remained neutral for three years under president Wilson.
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
The sinking of the Arabic, Sussex and the Lusitania(a large British ship about the size of the titanic. Its sinking killed a couple hundred US citizens)
Germany sent Mexico a letter telling them to wage war with US and be in an alliance with Germany. Letter known as the Zimmerman note.
War Hawks- People like Teddy Roosevelt who tried to persuade congress to wage war
American Business
British and American Propoganda
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
Battle of the Sombre- in Belgium. Took place on November 4th 1918. It was one of the last battles of the war. It was considered a very bloody war. It was a US, French and British victory.
Operation Micheal- Lasted for 15 days. Major German offensive. Very high casualties upward of 500,000 total. Allie Victory
Battle of Ambros Nogales- Only battle fought on us soil. Started because a few Germans came over to Mexico to train Mexican soldiers. The battle ended very quickly with few casualties.
Battle of Bellaue Wood
The lost Battalion/
The battle of Tardenos- Was part of the Second Battle of the Marne
The Second Battle of the Marne- Fought in the last two months of the war,and it was fought just outside of Paris. The French and Americans Fought against the Germans
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
- Germany's Strategy was called the Von Schlieffen Plan. They attacked France through Belgium, with intentions to surround and take over Paris within a month. Hoping to end the war on the western front in around a month. But the Belgians put up a much bigger fight than the Germans had planned on, delaying Germany by about a week, giving France a chance to plan a counterattack.
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
Grenades
Machine Guns
Flame Throwers
Bayonets
Tanks
Poison gas(first and last time that gas was allowed in warfare) Considered the worst weapon in the war. Had terrible affect on soldiers.
Smaller guns that and individual man could carry
Airplanes
11. Describe trench warfare.
WWI was the first war to be fought using trenches
Helped protect from artillery shells and other types of enemy fire
Great offensive and Defensive position
Area in between was know as no mans land. Much fighting(and death) occurred there. It contained a lot of fences and barbed wire.
Hundreds of miles of trenches in France, men would live in trenches(food, beds, hospital)
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
- German American's were required to register and carry around cards. Americans also imprisoned the Germans under accusations of espionage.
- Herbert Hoover took over the food administration, and made meals for displaced Europeans. Each day of the week people would go without eating certain foods in an effort to conserve food and leave more food for the troops. The food administration's slogan was "Food is ammunition, Don't waste it!"
- Everything was Americanized
- The comity of public information controlled propaganda in order to sway public opinion about the war.
- War bonds
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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