Today we presented our projects for the chapters in the book.
Ch. 5.1:
-Describe Native American culture.
the plains wars started withe the arrival of horses and guns. Was a fight over territories of Indians. Young men made war and raiding parties (counting coup) was when you would touch someones house with a tepee with stick of another group was a very big pride thing. The buffalo were very powerful to the people because they used everything from the buffalo and they were also very strong with the land. Massacre of sand Creek 1864 Bozeman Trail 1866 Red river war 1868 A fight with the americans and indians that was a fight where the indians were moved to one corner of the U.S. and the Americans Ended up Killing all the Indians that didn't want to go. Custers last stand(little big horn) 1876 Wounded Knee 1890 the last battle between the Native Americans and The Americans.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?
farming and the homestead act which gave people 160 acres of land and working on the railroads and cattle ranching and sheep herding. Mining and the gold rush in California and the Oregon trial.
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?
The government passed a law that gave the Native american the Whole Great plains. But in the 1850s they said that each tribe had their own boundaries Massacre at Sand Creek Cheyenne attacked by Gen. Chivington 150-700 died. Dawses Act was an attempt to splitting up the plains into Reservations. 160 acres where made for each head of the familly, 80 acres to each unmarried adult. Sold what was left to the settlers. Money from the stetteres was supposed to go to the native Americans. By 1932 settlers took 2/3rds of land set aside.
-Describe a cowboy's life.
Cattle industry 1867-1800s which began when Native Americans were forced to reservations. Growing of cities and increased the number of rail roads which had refrigerated rail cars.
Cattle Industry fall. there was a drought which caused the cattle to have no food. The demand for beef fell and the winter of 1886 was what killed of most of the cows.
Open range eh American settlers learned from their Mexican neighbors. The longhorns came from southern Spain which they were already used to the dry land.
Cowboys were looked up as white when actually 25% where African Americans, and 12% were Mexican. They worked between 10-14 hours a day on a ranch, and 14 or more on the trail.
Long drive- The cattle driving is one of the most famous occupations for a cowboy. Cattle driving could last 3 months or more. A 12 man crew could manage a herd of 2,000 to 3,000 cattle.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains? Because it got people to move into the west and gave them 160 acres for each head of the family.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains? Extreme hardships they had to make dugouts and soddies for homes because they didn't have money to make houses. The women worked as farmers and doctors and around the house. They had very few machinery the farmers had a lot of debt because they made very little money.
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? The railroads where expansive and Indians would attack sometimes.
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in? Help farmers out of debt, give people a greater voice in government. Increase money supply in circulation, graduated income tax, Federal loan program direct election of senators which is when the people of the state could pick their senators sing terms for president/v.p. Secret ballot people would vote for certain people for something in return. 8 hour work day and restrictions on immigrants.
Chpter 6.1-
what caused the industrial revolution- the industrial revolution was from 1760 to 1840 without the industrial revolution most of what you use today wouldn’t exist. The UK had a massive expansion and was ahead of other countries for most of the industrial revolution because of more population. One of the things that caused it to take off was an increase in people who can work there were also more factories being built. The downside of all this growth was that a lot of people had to work and eventually so much work was needed that kids had to work
New inventions- water wheel, steam engine, typewriter, telegraph, lightbulb
6.2-
What impact did rail roads have? 1753 first rail road in colonies brought profound political ecoonamic and social change but they were expansive and many farmers could not pay for them
Why here many people upset with the railroads- farmers did not like the railroads because land sold to the railroads were the settlers land and it was expensive to live near them and to use them
What did the grangers or govt to regulate the railroads- basically an organization sponsored by political candidates made sure rail roads were fair to farmers and they were also there to give farmers something to do because farmers were lonely.
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie. Came to country in 1848 became the private secretary to superintendent of the Pennsylvanian railroad. He gained a lot of money and opened a steel company with stock money that he named Carnegie steel and they made more steel than Great Britain.
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller. Owner of standard oil he merged a lot of buisnesses with his.
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business? The bigger business survive and flourish and the small business are taken over by the bigger businesses
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts). Monopolis where when companies gained complete control over production wages and prices. A corporation that did nothing to buy other companies stock. They set up holding companies Vertical/Horizontal integration Pg. 243
Sherman Antitrust act- was what made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade the sherman antitrust act= anti monopolies. trust= monopolies
-How did the government try to regulate business? Because if every business had a monopoly they could get
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
Purpose- workers from related fields who have come together to protect adn further their rights and interests. The workers included- skilled and unskilled, female and male, and blacks and whites. Issues- violence occurred in several incidents/pay. Child labor. Strikes- to have a strike, you have a union. Wild Chest- to pay workers on strike. Grievance- coming to agreement instead of going on strike. Types of strikes are slow down strike- when they all come to work but they work very slow, sit-down strike- when you go to work but you just sit and do nothing, sick out strike- when everyone calls in sick, sympathy strike- when more than one union goes together on strike, general strike- when all these people group together to get on strike. In in 1882 an average of 675 people died per week due to work accidents. 20% of the boys and 10% of the girls who worked were below the age of 15.
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US? Escape famine, land shortages, religion," birds of passage." which were people that came for something and then left and they came for the industrial boom. W.A.S.P which stood for white, anglo, saxons, protestant which were the people who basically found our country.
Where did immigrants come from? West and north Europe, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, More islands , and west indie.
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here? Long trip because if you were coming you came by steam boat and it would take about a week from Europe and three weeks from Asia. In the ships there were very unhealthy living conditions. Ellis esland- had 12 milion people come in for 62 years and when they got to the U.S. they were examined for disease and if they had one they were sent back. If you passed you were examined by the government and if you passed that you made it into the country.
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
the immigrants came in and the towns had to expand to fit all of the people
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?
People didn't have homes or places to lives but a small room to fit their family in people. People didn't clean because nobody picked up garbage and there were dead animals and other things on the streets. Everyone had to live in settlement houses which were houses that middle class educated women ran and they ran classes in these houses to help these people to give them the skills to live their lives.
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
They tried to clean up the city and clean the cities from all the trash that was left on the ground
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city? Organazition that would try to get the democrats/republicans which ever side the went for to get elected into the city government
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
he was a very rich man and would make parks and things in towns and would ask for more money than he needed and would keep the extra and he eventually Thomas nast revealed it in his government cartoons
What caused all this corruption in government?
Dishonest people lack of government law and the spoils system which allows the person who was elected to chose who got jobs in the government.
What laws came about to reform government?
Pendleton civil service act.
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
No internet today so we started by talking about websites being graded next week and we have a quiz tomorrow. Then we talked about Syria and Russia and the G-20 summit that is happening today. Then group 2 presented on their projects.
What problems did farmers face in the Great Plains?
Conflict between the settlers and Native Americans during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.
Who were the populace and what did they believe in?
6.1
What caused the industrial revolution to take off in the late 1800’s?
The increase of people who could work and there were more factories being made and most of them were automated to make them work easier. Downside was the growth caused a lot of people had to work for almost nothing and then children started working and children and adults both lost arms and other limbs.
What were some new inventions in the 1800 and what affect did they have on people’s lives?
The water wheel which created power from the movement from the water currents. The steam engine that sued pressure created by steam to push pistons to create power. The typewriter a keyboard invented in 1839 which would use a ribbon to imprint letters like printing press. Telegraph it was invented by Samuel Morse in 1837 to transmit an electric signal in a pattern to the other side. Incandescent light bulb Thomas Edison made the first incandescent light bulb in 1879.
6.2
What impact did railroads have on the U.S.?
1753 was the first railroad in the colonies. Brought profound political, economic, and social change. Baltimore and Ohio railroad. 1830 south Carolina canal and railroad company. Important Railroad was the transcontinental was where the central Pacific, Union Pacific Railroads. Promontory, Utah: May 10th, 1869. When it was done they spiked the railroad when it was finished with a gold spike.
Why were many people upset with the railroads?
Farmers did not like the railroads because company’s sold the land for the railroads to the railroad company instead of selling it to the farmers. Granger was an organization created by farmers and they where people that didn’t like the railroad. The granger laws where made to keep the maximum frate and people on a train.
What did the grangers/government to regulate the railroads?
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