The Nile River
- Located in Africa and goes through Egypt
- necessary for farming
- used for traveling
- 4,150 miles long
- would flood every year from July-November river used for transportation
- flooding was important because it brought new rich soil for the Egyptian
- washed away all of the wast
- surrounding seas protected them from was and disease
- flooding was important because it brought new rich soil for the Egyptian
- contains deposits of granite, sandstone, and limestone which were used for building materials
- Crops: barley leeks, garlic, wheat,lentils,turnips, plums, cabbage, ect.
- used sickles to cut grain; tied them into bundles and carried them away
- wheat=bread, barley= alcohol, flax linen, cloth
- Religion: Polytheistic religion- Multiple Gods
- Built Pyramids
- Traveled in large boats
- economy depended mostly on farms
- Social Structure
- King
- Ruling Class
- Craftsman
- Farmers
- Marginalized Groups- normal citizens
- Slaves
Mesopotamia
- area in the middle east with different little broken cities
- River cities: Mari, Babylon, ect.
- UrukNippur
- one of the first cities
- 5000 BCE
- 50-80 thousand people largest city at the time
- considered a sacred group
- 5000-25000 BCE
- Nineveh
- oldest city
- 6000 BCE
- 3000 BCE they were very religious
- How the river worked Geography
- 2 rivers: Tigris and Euphrates
- valley between the Tigris and the Euphrates was known as the land "between the rivers" in Greek
- Soil was very rich
- in Iraq
- mainly desert in north...marshes, lagoons, and mudflats in the south
- south got a lot of rain
- crops were mainly grown in south
- 5800 sq mile area
- Traded: Animals, ine. donkeys, ect.
- 4000- 6000 BCE
- Culture
- Used cuneiform to write
- used 60 numeral system.
- they used advanced math and invented the wheel
- Religion
- thought world was flat and it was surrounded be a vast hollow space
- the sea was all around the earth top bottom and sides
- believed in many gods
- Patriarchal society
- Sports
- hunting
- wrestling
- Polo, but with men sitting on the shoulders of other men,
- Majore- like rugby
- Government
- Monarchy
- first code of laws
- they believed that their rulers were descendants of gods
- broken up into a city-state system
Indus River
- Geography
- "Father of Rivers"
- Tibetan Plateau
- South Asia
- north of Himalayas
- The Indus Valley people people had deserts and mountains protecting them naturally
- 1000 miles apart
- Culture
- Hinduism
- born into social classes-classes never changed
- women were valued- made the kids
- When kids grew old they took on the parents' jobs
- Highly organized agriculture
- animals were a source of food
- trade was a big part of culture
- Harappa
- biggest and first city
- Three classes
- Religion elite
- trading class
- the poor workers
- Sarasvati river
Mehenjo-Daro
- Divided into 2 portions
- Citadel was the lower city
- called the public bath
- had sanitation places and made there own
- Citadel was the lower city
China
- Civilization
- Anyang was built mainly of wood
- rich people lived in timber framed houses and poor people lived in huts outside the city
Geography
- Yellow river is yellow from the silt
- 10% of China's land is suitable for farming
Culture
- Yellow River- Mother River
- Yellow River civilization is the Yuan Dynasty in Glittering gems
Importance
- supplies water to 155 million people or 12% of Chinese population and irrigates 18 million acres or 15% of China's farmland
- provides China's local pop. with drinking water
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