Today i studied for my test.. and took it.
I. Treaty of Versailles
-know what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWII
The Treaty of Versailles said the Germany would take all blame for starting WWI, they had to pay 33 billion, they lost overseas colonies, land in Europe, hurt them in trade, no navy, and reduced army. German people lost trust in government. lead to WWII. Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, and Lithuania are the new countries that came about after the treaty.
II. League of Nations
-define and explain it's weaknesses
came about after Treaty of Versailles, wanted to prevent war, settle international disputes, world peace, failed because US didn't join- didn't have military to force what they said.
III. Know the basics about the following countries:
-1 How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country
-2 How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).
-3 What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.
-4 How was this country involved on WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)
Germany- 1) made them take responsibilty, 33 billion, no navy, smaller army. 2) ppl felt betrayed by government-nazi and Hitler started to come about-ppl follow them, Hitler came to power 1933--weimar republic made up of jews hitler said. 3) blitzkreig , attack fast and move on quickly- aggresor in war, swiftly take out countries left and right.
Italy - 1) promised land by France, GB, and Russia-didnt get any, triple alliance Germany and Austria. 2) Orlando was leader after Treaty of Versailles ppl felt betrayed-Mussolini started facsist party, ppl start following him, King Victor Emmanuel thought it was easier and named Mussolini prime minister. 3) Italy mainly did whatever Hitler said because they didn't want him to turn on them, Mediterranean, France, Ethiopia. Pilots lightly armed planes and ship commanders unwilling to risk defeat-scared. 4) Axis power- When Mussolini came to power fascist gov. - joined with Axis after Ethiopia invasion-Mussolini and Hitler were alike.
Soviet Union - 1) tried to stay out of it - lost part of Poland, Estonia. Had dropped out of WWI because changed to communist. 2) Communist Stalin took over after Lenon died. Stalin killed tons of ppl, even his own ppl. 3) defensive line called Stalin line, hundreds of airfields and naval bases--mainly wanted to stay out of war as long as possible, while preparing for it. 4) started axis- switched over to allied.
Japan- 1) got land but were upset because it wasn't Chinese land. 2) . 3) attack and demoralize -raped and beat Chinese ppl. 4) Axis power, Germany and Italy, -bombed US, Pearl Harbor.
Great Britain - 1) got their land in Africa back from Germany, got billions of dollars. 2) Winston Churchill was leader, fascist type gov, then constitutional monarchy king or queen. 3) wanted to keep Germany from invading them, navy not so strong 4) allied powers - US, China, SU.
France- 1) got money and land from Germany, theirs and GB friendship got stronger, wanted more bc afraid Germany attack on them. 2) Vichy gov set up by Germany, wanted to get Hitler and Nazi's out of France. 3) Maginot Line- Germans went around it. 4) Allies-US, United Kingdom, Australia, Soviet Union, and Canada.
China- China wasn’t involved in the Treaty of Versailles, they signed their own treaty with. They wanted to beat Japan because of the invasion of Manchuria. They had two governments- communist.
IV. Hitler's Treatment of the Jews
The Nuremburg Laws in 1935, made Jews second class citizens and took away their rights. If you had at least one Jewish grandparent you were considered a Jew. Another law was that Jews could only marry Jews. Kristallnacht means the night of the broken glass. It was the night when Nazi’s went around broke Jews glass to their homes and stores, they burned down churches and started sending Jews to concentration camps. There were death camps too.
V. Munich Conference-Policy of Appeasement
-established in 1938
-GB- Chamberlain
-Italy, Mussolini
-Germany, Hitler
-France, Daladier
-Hitler demanded that Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
-Policy of Appeasemnt
-Gave it to Hitler if he promised to not take anymore land
VI. US Role in the 1920's/1930's
-Washington Naval Conference- reducing naval size
-Kellog-Briand Pact
-Neutrality Acts throughout the 1930's- There is three stages of the neutrality acts, we would not trade with any country at war, next the cash and carry system started to help the allied countries, the last step was the Lend-Lease Act, we would lend and lease supplies to other countries, mostly again to help the allied powers
-Quarantine Speech-FDR speech about staying isolated and not trading with any countries at war.
-Bases for Destroyers-US gave GB old destroyers and they gave us naval base.
-Lend-Lease Act- lend you things and you could give it back - after cash and carry- you bring your own ship over to get the supplies and you pay cash.
VII. Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
Hitler and Stalin(Soviet Union) decide to sign a Non-Aggression Pact. They hated each other but they didn’t want to have to worry about each other, so this pact was so they wouldn’t have to fight. They agreed to trade with each other too. SU would give Germany oil, Germany would give SU weapons. They would invade Poland and split it.
VIII. Outbreak of War--Blitzkrieg!!
-Japan and China- invaded indochina- could invade the rest of china from there- invaded Manchuria for resources.
-Germany and Poland
-Germany and France-phony war, after Germany invaded Poland- not a lot fought on land. nothing happened.
-Germany and Great Britain-phony war- bombed GB because its an island.
-Germany and the Soviet Union- Germanys biggest mistake was invading the SU. Hitler focused on three cities in Russia and he thought if he captured them, he captured all of Russia. The Soviets were not ready for this because of the Non-Aggression Pact. Stalin ordered for them to burn all farms, factories, ect while they were retreating. After a month of invasion the Germans thought they had it. The winter is what helped the Soviets the most, the Germans were not ready for the freezing cold weather.
IX. Pearl Harbor
they had differences over China. In 1931 Japan took over Manchura, which had been apart of China, then in 1937 Japan decided to try to take over all of China. Then in the 1940's Japan allied with the Nazi Germans. The American's didn't agree with all of these moves that Japan was making, because they had an economic and political interest in East Asia. The U.S. increased their aid to China and wanted to make their military in the Pacific stronger. They later cut off all ties with Japan. It was an unannounced military strike on the U.S. navy. The U.S.'s naval base was located at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack was supposed to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from influencing Japans plan against the Netherlands and Britian, in Southeast Asia. There was two aerial attacks on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese sunk four U.S. naval battle ships, four others were damaged, three cruisers were damaged, and three destroyers. Even though the bombings were so major the Pacific Fleet's aircraft carriers, submarines, and its fuel oil storage facilities were untouched.
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