assigned blog - President George H.W. Bush. BACKGROUND
EVERYTHING DUE MAY 11
Eisenhower presidential accomplishments
- dominated by the Cold War-Containment Policy
- also used CIA to do covert-ops to disrupt communist gov'ts abroad(Iran/Guatemala)
- SEATO was formed
- opened relations with Spain
- Ended the Korean Conflict as promised in his 1952 election campaign
- developed the idea that nuclear weapons would be defensive weapons(deterrence)
- NASA created due to Soviet Sputnik launch
- US spy plane(U-2) was shot down over USSR
- allowed McCarthy to do his thing but privately did not approve
- Eisenhower Doctrine
- we would give money and military aid to any middle eastern country who requested it to fight off Communists
- believed in laissez-faire
- believed in a balanced budget
- deported around 1 million illegal immigrants(mostly Mexicans)
- sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to help in the desegregation of all public school - 1954 - Brown case
- Helped pass the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 which created the United States' Interstate Highways
President JFK - 35th - 1961-1963
- served in WWII
- was a US Representative and Senator from Massachusetts before becoming President
- Married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier
- First and only Catholic president
- Youngest elected president and second youngest president
- Assassinated in 1963 in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald
- Democratic
- went to Harvard - 4 year degree
- Election - Ran against Richard Nixon(was Eisenhower's vice president. had a lot of experience)
Presidential Accomplishments
- Cold War Issues dominated Kennedy's presidency
- Berlin Wall was built in 1961
- Bay of pigs invasions-1961
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Alliance for Progress with Latin America
- Kennedy increased the number of helicopters, military advisors and undeclared US Special Forces in the Vietnam
- the CIA helped the new Ba'ath Party gov't overthrow Communists in Iraq. This new party systematically murdered large numbers of Iraq's educated elite-killings in which Saddam Hussein himself is said to have participated
- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed in 1963.
- The New Frontier
- promised federal funding for:
- 1. education
- 2. Medical care for the elderly
- 3. economic aid to rural regions and
- 4. gov't intervention to halt the recession
- 5. end racial discrimination
- Peace Corps was established in 1961 where Americans volunteer to help underdeveloped nations in areas such as education, farming, health care, and construction
- Signed the Equal Pay Act of 1963, a federal law aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex
President Lyndon Johnson(D)-36th 1963-1969
- JFK's Vice-President
- Took over as President after JFK was assassinated
- Lee Harvey Oswald was an ex Marine and a Communist
- they think there might have been more than one person involved in JFK's assassination
Presidential Accomplishments
- JFK's VP
- Took over as president after JFK was assinated
- won by a land slide
- Johnson-Goldwater
- Goldwater was unpopular in north but popular in the south
- Civil Right Act 1964
- Blacks always voted republican until this election- voted democratic from then on for Johnson
- Health Insurance
- blacks used to vote republican (Abe Lincoln) then they shifted to democrate for Johnson
- big on the environment put together the Warren Commission to investigate the JFK assination
- Passed the civil rights of 1964, which outlawed most forms of racial segregation
- Passed Voting rights act 1965 which outlawed discrimination in voting, thus allowing million of wouthern blacks to vote for the first time •
- Started affirmative action laws ◦
- forced businness and colleges to hire minoritied and any race •
- passed immigration act of 1965 which allowed more non-European people to immigrate to US. immigration more than doubled between more than doubled between 1965-1970 •
- Planned to: ◦
- aid education, ◦
- attack disease, ◦Medicare and Medicaid, ◦
- Urban renewal ◦
- Beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions ◦
- war on poverty ◦
- control and prevention of crime ◦
- removval of obstacles to the right to vote •
- Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 •
- Higher Education Act of 1965- gave low
- The Great Society
- Gun Control Act of 1968 regulates the firearms industry and firearms owners. Passed in response to the assassinations of JFK, Robert(Bobby) Fitzgerald Kennedy and MLK
President Richard Nixon
- VP Eisenhower
- Lost 1960 election to JFK
- the only person to be elected twice to both the presidency and the CP
- only president to resigned from office
- Humphrey vs Nixon vs Wallace - 1968 election
- Nixon vs McGovern - election of 1972
- Nixon won by a land slide
- 520 electoral vote - Nixon | 17 electoral votes - McGovern
Causes of the Cold War-
- American's fear of communist Attack- take over world
- Truman's dislike of Stalin
- American President-Harry Truman
- Soviet Union leader- Josef Stalin
- Stalin refused to join the league of nations
- Russia's fear of our atomic bomb
- The world
- all out nuclear war
- Capitalism
- people owned their governments
- Russia's dislike of capitalism
- we were succeding by using it
- America's refusal to share nuclear secrets
- Secrets are part of any war
- Russia's expansion west into Eastern Europe (broken election promises)
- Russia promised not to expand
- Russia's fear of American attack
- Russia was afraid of bombs and army, navy, ect.
- Russia's need for a secure western border
- to protect from US attacks
- Communism
- People were equal in every way and they had their right taken away
- Karl Marx thought of communism
- Russia's aim of spreading world communism- BIG IDEA
- More communistic countries
- less enemies
Policy of Containment: domino effect, Iron Curtain Speech, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine
- Domino effect-
- President Eisenhower and his national security adviser introduced the domino theory during the 1950's. All countries were going to fall like dominos to communism
- Irom Curtain Speech-
- Ideological and physical divide that was between the Soviet controlled ares in eastern Europe and the Democratic government in western Europe
- Marshall Plan-
- An american program to aid Europe where the US could give monterary support to help rebuild the European economies in the end of WWII to prevent soviet comminusim to spread
- Truman Doctrine-
- a policy set forth by Truman in a speech in 47 stating that we would support Greece and Turkey economicaly. This is often considered as the start of the cold war
House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)-
- 1938-1975
- American Organization
- Kept looking for reasons to find communism
- Red Scare
- fear of communism
- no immagrants
- Mcarthy
- accused Dean Acheson- Secretary of State and he knew 205 communists in the state department, was accused of being a communitst
- Mcarthy downfall
- republican withdrawl
- hurting presidential administration
- eisenhower refrains
- no stooping
- mathews
- protestant churches
- public rage
- June 9th, 1954- accused the us army of being communists
Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism-
- iMovie
- Senator Joe McCarthy
- McCarthyism- a group of people who accuse someone of being something they are not
Berlin Blockade and Airlift-Brian-
- Berlin Blockade
- Lasted from June 24, 1948-May 12, 1949
- Main goal was to get the Soviet Union out of Berlin
- Soviet Union in Berlin
- Had control of west Berlin
- Wanted toe western allies to let them supply Berlin with food and other supplies
- wanted to have control over all of Berlin
- Blocked off all railroads and airports in east Berlin
- Allies in Berlin
- had control of North, South, and West
- north was france
- west was Great Britian
- South was US
- they were called the blockade powers
- Min goal was to drop off supplies to West Berlin
- Flew 200,000 or more flightw a year
- 4700 tons of supplies were dropped off each day
- The allies won b/c they dropped off so many supplies
- Blockade Ended
- May 12, 1949
- Soviets moved out of Berlin
- Berlin was later split up to east and west
- West Berlin was the Federal Republic of Germany
- East Berlin was the German Democrtic Republic
China becoming communist-Mao-
NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence-massive retaliation, mutual detterence
Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-
Fidel Castro and the Bay of Pigs-
The Cuban Missile Crisis-
The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down-
Nixon's visit to China-
1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-
Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-
Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-
Gorbachev's/Reagan's changing ways-perestroika and glasnost, INF Treaty-
The fall of Communism and the end of the Cold War-explain how it all went down-
The new map of Europe(up to present)-
Why the US won the Cold War-
Korean Conflict-
Vietnam Conflict-
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US
- Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
- Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
- Stop the spread of communism
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for the USSR
- Wanted to create greater security for itself
- lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's purges
- feared a strong Germany
- Establish defensible borders
- Encourage friendly governments on its borders
- Spread communism around the world
Blog Discussion
- President Harry Truman
- 33rd president
- 1945-1953
- Became V-P for FDR in January 1945
- Took over for FDR when he died in April '45
- One of the most unpopular presidents of all time when he left office- 22% rating approval ratin
- rating has improved over the last 60 years
- 1948 election
- Truman vs. Dewey
- Accomplishments
- Dropping the atomic bomb
- no segregations
- renavated the white house after a piano leg went through the floor
- Truman doctrine- aid degree in turkey
- Marshall plan-
- United nations help set up
- stop the spread of communism
- CIA- Central Intellegence Agency- gater intellegence
- "The Buck Stops here"- he wll take all good or bad critisism
- Fair Deal
- similar to FDR's New Deal
- aimed to promote economic development and social welfare
- wanted to improve:
- Civil Rights
- Housing
- Social Security
- Minimum Wage
- Health
- Labor
- Education
- Ag
- Started to get involved with France w/$$$$$
- NATO- US allience w/ Western Europe during cold war
- He fired General Douglass MacArther
Ike
- Elections
- won by a lot
- convinced people about good things
- WWII D-day general
- Eisenhower vs. Stevensen
- won twice against Stevensen
- Accomplishments
- D-Day General
- End of Korean conflict
- set up and made interstate system
- Graduated from West Point
- Believed that the government made more money than it spent
- Nixion was V-P
- Had health issues when he was in office
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