Wednesday 3.28

[3Julie]

US Homefront:

1. Selective Training and Service Act

• First peacetime draft in US History
• Used until 1973 to fill military needs
• After 1973, US military depended on volenteers to fill needs

2. Women's role in WWII

• Rossie the Rivetor gave women the idea that they can work hard and still look pretty
• The women were a very important cause for winning the war
• they worked in:
• • factories
  • hospitals (nurses)
  • secrataries/typists
  • farm workers
  • bus/taxi drivers
  • messengers
  • teachers
• WAC-Women's Army Corps
• stay at home mom's canned food
• WAVES- Women's Navy
• WASP- Women's Army Service Pilots

3. African-American's role in WWII

• fought in the military
• some people tried to get it so that blacks and whites were not segregated

4. Asian's role in WWII

• Were drafted in war but had to wear a certian button to make sure that they didn't get them mixed up with Japs

5. Hollywood's role in WWII

• provided a lot of comercials for the war
• movies on the war:
• • destination Tokyo
  • 30 sec over Tokyo
  • Wake island
  • the purple heart
• Cartoons were made
• USO- Untied Service Organizations Inc. in a private, non profit organization that provides entertainment to members of the US military since 1941

6. Office of Price Administration

• were the first to come up with ration books
• Rationing- you can only get so much and you couldn't get and over supply of things
• had ration stamps and if ran out you could not buy anything else for the rest of that week
• People had to wait in line for things that they wanted
• Horse meat was not rationed so people could buy as much as they wanted
• Black market was formed and their were a lot of people who bought illegal stickers to get more money

7. War Production Board

• keep producing stuff like metal and fuel
• produced a ton of materials like fuel
• used to stabilize our economy
• production of mass production

8. National War Labor Board

• created by Woodrow Wilson in WWI
• keep peace between employees in factories
• • so they don't go on strike

9. Why the Homefront helped win the war

• mass production of goods

10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats (German Submarines)

• the 10th fleet under the Navy did it
• had like 50 people in it
• planes would drop bombs
• Navy would use depth charges(kinda like torpedoes)
• wolfpacks - U-boats traveling in large groups
• • how do we fight them?
  • • speed
    • faster U-boats
    • traveled in convoys (large groups)

11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic

• the spies were gathering info
• most spies were British set up by Churchill
• used to fight off the Axis powers
• ULTRA/MAGIC were code names for us intercepting information
• • use it to fight against U-boats too
• Enigma
• • system in which Germany transferred their info thru codes
  • solving the Enigma system remains one of the great Allied triumphs of WWII
  • during periods when Allied crypt-analysts were unable to solve Enigma, U-boats cause great damage to Anglo-American commerce

12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)

German invasion of Soviet Union. 90% taken ov

• • code name for the invasion for Germany invading Soviet Union
  • stalingrad, moscow, liningrad
  • Hitler broke the non-aggression pack because he didn't trust stallin
  • Hitler wanted more land and natural resources
  • Lebensraum
  • Despised the ethnic Slavs ruled by their "Jewish Bolshevik" masters
  • wanted Ukraine for the farmland
  • could use the people as slaves labor
  • The deafest of the USSR would further isolate the Allies
  • Wanted the oilfeilds in the Caucasus mountians
  • Didn't trust Stalin-German propaganda showed that Stalin was planning to attack Germany
  • The western front fighting was over (except GB)
  • Germany Army in USSR was split:
  • • Leningrad(people were starving to death), Moscow(didn't take it over), and Stalingrad(90% taken over before they pushed them back)(know them for test)

13. Battle in Africa and Italy

• took place in Africa June 10, 1940
• we entered the war in 1941
• took place in the countries of North Africa
• 2 reasons why it was fought: 
• • to control the middle east and the oil resources and
  •  to see who would have control of Africa
• Mussolini had more then a million men in the army
• Erwin Rommel - The Desert Fox
• • German general
  • very sly and outwitted
  • leader of the Afrika corp 
  • • they were the German troops in Africa
  • went against Hitler eventually and was involved in the plan to kill Hitler
  • he eventually committed suicide otherwise he would be killed and everyone would know that he was a traitor
• Bernard Montgomery - Monty
• • was our ally
  • from Great Britain
  • British General down in Africa
• George Patton
• • from the US
  • one of the most famous US general
  • very big in himself
  • always had ivory pistols
  • despised Montgomery
  • died in a car accident in Germany after WWII
• Operation Torch
• • the British-American of French North Africa started on November 8, 1942
  • by mid 1943, we had defeated the Germans, Italians and the Vichy France
  • landed on the beaches of Morocco
• Casablanca Conference
• • said that we won't make a deal with Germany
  • they would have to surrender unconditionally
  • • they have to do whatever we tell them to do (the Nazis)
• who won?
• • the Allied powers won

14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley

15. D-Day-Operation Overlord

16. Battle of the Bulge

17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over

18. VE Day

19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,

20. Navajo Code Talkers

21. Doolittle's Raid

22. Manhattan Project

23. Hiroshima bombing

24. Nagasaki bombing

25. VJ Day

26. Yalta Conference

27. Nuremburg Trials

28. Japanese Internment Camps in US