Roman Government
Executive Branch
- Two consols s one president
- 1 year term vs. 4 year term
Legislative Branch
Senate
- High social and economic status
- Serve for life
- Advises consuls
Ceturiate Assembly
- Soliders only
- chose consuls
- serve for life
Tribal Assembly
- Ordinary citizens
- Serve for life
- Makes laws
Judical Branch
- 8 judges
- 1 year by the Centuriate Assembly
- Two oversee civil and criminal courts
Legal Code
- Twelve Tables- List of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome
- In American, this is equal to the Constitution
Army
- Along with their government, the Romans also took alot of pride in their military as well.
- All men who owned land wer required to serve in the army
- Some of the high public office positions required 10 years if military service
Legions
- The Roman soliders were organized into large military units called legions
- Legions were made up of 5,000 foot soliders
- A group of calvary would support each legion
- The military organized and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Romes rise to greatness
Expansion
- By the fourth century B.C., the romans dominated central Italy
- They had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city states to the South
Treatment
- Latins on the Tiber RIver became full citizens
- In territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well but didnt have voting power
- The remaining people became allies of Rome
Research:
Hannibal-
A son of Hamilcar Barca was a Punic Carthaginian military commander, generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. His father, Hamilcar Barca, was the leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War, his younger brothers were Mago and Hasdrubal, and he was brother-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, when he marched an army, which included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy. In his first few years in Italy, he won three dramatic victories—Trebia, Trasmene, and Cannae, in which he distinguished himself for his ability to determine his and his opponent's strengths and weaknesses, and to play the battle to his strengths and the enemy's weaknesses—and won over many allies of Rome.
Punic Wars-
Key players:
King Pyrrhus- The King of Epirus who won a battle but might as well have lost.
Hamilcar Barca- Carthaginian General, father of Hannibal
Hannibal-Carthaginian General who took his armies into Italy. Military genious who incorporated elephants into warfare
Livy-The historian who writes about the story of Cincinnatus
Aftermath:
The First Punic War was the first of three wars fought between Ancient Carthage and the Roman Republic. For 20 years, the two powers struggled for supremacy in the western Mediterranean Sea, primarily on the Mediterranean island of Sicily and its surrounding waters but also to a lesser extent in the Apennine peninsula and North Africa. Carthage, located in what is today Tunisia, was the dominant Western Mediterranean power at the beginning of the conflicts. However, the Roman Republic eventually emerged as the victor, imposing strict treaty conditions and heavy financial penalties against Carthage.
The Second Punic War is most remembered for the Carthaginian Hannibal's crossing of the Alps. His army invaded Italy from the north and resoundingly defeated the Roman army in several battles, but never achieved the ultimate goal of causing a political break between Rome and its allies. While fighting Hannibal in Italy, Hispania, and Sicily, Rome simultaneously fought against Macedon in the First Macedonian War. Eventually, the war was taken to Africa, where Carthage was defeated at the Battle of Zama by Scipio Africanus. The end of the war saw Carthage's control reduced to only the city itself.
The Third Punic War, after Rome emerged as victorious, significant Carthaginian settlements, such as those in Mauretania, were taken over and aggrandized by the Romans. Volubilis, for example, was an important Roman town situated near the westernmost border of Roman conquests. It was built on the site of the previous Carthaginian settlement that overlies an earlier neolithic habitation.
Romans won them all and each time they got more land!
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