Wednesday 16th 2011

[5Chantel]

Imperialism- extending the countrys power outside the boarders: taking over other countries

Militarism- maintaing a stron military also using it as a threat: Adolf Hitler used this

Nationalism- strive to be Patriotic for your country

Diplomacy- how we deal with other countries

Spheres of influence- areas of the world we had a lot of control over

Protectorant- area where a stronger country would dominate and control another weaker country: we controled cuba after the spanish american war

Arbitration- the settlement of the dissputes of countries

Old Diplomacy

• Noninterventionist

- the US didn't intervene in foreign affairs, especially Europe's

• Isolationist

-the US acted alone in foreign affairs as compared to working with other nations

• Passive and Reactive

-the US waited for events to occur and then acted accordingly

• weak army and navy

New Diplomacy

• imperialistic

-going out and conquering territory to create an empire

-Alfred Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge, Teddy Roosevelt

• stronger army adn navy
• interventionist - especially i central and south america

-becoming more involved in other countries affairs

-Monroe Doctrine - telling Europeans not to mess around in Latin America anymore otherwise it could mean possible war with the US

• strong nationalism

- having strong pride and confidence in one's countries

Imperialism and america

imperialism became very common eith the major powers of the world

which countries were the most powerful in 1900

• Great Britain
• Germany
• Francy
• Italy
• Russia
• U.S.
• Japan
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottaman Empire- Turkey

why did the US and other countries look to imperialism?

• brings military power and prestige to your country
• naval bases and refueling stations
• $$$$- fro natural resources as well as opening new markets to sell your goods(trade)
• beleif in cultural supiority- Whites Man's Burden(whites were dominate so we had to help the people with darker skin because they can't do it themseves, christian belief)
• McKinley: "to take them all and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and christianize them."(he had an idea that we had to civilize them because he thought they lived like indians and they didn't like indians)
• Taft: We must help our "our little brown brothers" on the Philippines

Chapter 10.2 The Spanish American War

• by 1900, Spain was a dwindling empire

-Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and a few colonies in Africa(Morocco and Western Sahara)

• the US had been interested in Cuba for a long time

-US tried to buy Cuba in 1854

• Cubans had been revolting against Spain frequently( 1868, 1878, 1886, 1895) wanting independence

Jose Marti- one of the leading people leading Cuba to independence, Hes the one that started saying that Cuba needed the US to help them, by destroying american property making it look like spain was doing it

What caused an increase in tension between the US and Spain:

• in 1895 civil war broke out in Cuba between Spain and the Cubans
• the conflict was descrived by Senator Redfield Proctor of Vermont as "bloody and brutal"
• newspapers (yellow press-particularly those owned by William Randolph Hearst) reported the brutality of the Spanish General Weyler
• The new york journal reports "...blood on the roadsides, blood in the villages, blood, blood, blood!"
• American newspapers were clearly pushing the nation toward intervention in the Cuban situation

The Yellow Press

• Instigated the war
• United the general public to want war with Spain
• Made people feel sorry for the Cubans
• De Lome Letter was a national insult to the president published in the yellow press

Causes of Spanish American War 1898

• The USS Maine sinking
• The Yellow Press
• Butcher Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in the concentration camps
• The De Lome Letter
• Jose Marti's destruction of the US property in Cuba making it look as though spain did it

Teller Amendment

• Imperialist ws anti-imperialists in US
• garentee that we would not take over the Cuba after the war
• amendment added to the declaration

Fronts in the Spanish-American War

• Philippines
• Cuba

Rough riders were established by Teddy Rosevelt group of troops that he put together to go fight the spanish down in cuba, They were athletes, cowboys, police officers, and just really tough guys

Treaty of Paris 1898

• brought an official end to the war
• spain gave cuba independence (kind of)
• US got control of the Philippines ($20 million), Guam and Puerto Rico

Misc.

• The US Army was not prepared to fight this war - The Navy was excellent!
• Roughly 3000 US soliers died in the war only 385 battle deaths - 2500 died due to desease
• lasted April 25th - August 12, 1898
• The US became an empire for the first time in our history

Puerto Rico

• Claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to the Americas
• in 1898 after 400 years of colonial rule Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War
• Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917
• popularly -elected governors have served since 1948
• in 1952 a constitution was enacted providing for niternal self government
• in plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998 coter chose to retain commonwealth status
• threee options for the future: become and indepent coutry, stay a commonwealth, or become a state of the US

Cuba

• in 1898 Spain geve control of Cuba to the US with the Treaty of Paris
• in 1902 the US granted Cuba its independence
• the US retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and stability with the Platt Amendment
• The US got control ofGuantoanamo Bay as well, a naval base we still have control of today
• In 1934 the Platt Amendment was repealed

Philippines

• Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence from Spain on June 12th 1898
• After the Spanish American War, the US took over the islands for $20 million in the 1898 Treaty of Paris

Philippine American War

• The philippine american war broke out after the filipinos realized that the US would not give them independence
• it ended with American control over the islands
• 12,000-20,000 filipinos soldiers dead
• 200,000-1.5 million filipino civilians die some contend US committed genocide
• 4,165 US soldiers dead
• in 1935 philippines was granted commonwealth status
• plans for independence over the next decade were interrupted by world war II when the Japanese inveded and took them over
• allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945
• on July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained its independence

China

• by the late 1800's it was looking as if china would be carved up like Africa had been
• China wanted to prevent this from happening

Teddy Roosevelt's Presidency

• Assumed Presidency after McKinley was killed
• Roosevelt the Peacemaker won it for ending the war between Russia and Japan, Panama Canal- he started and pushed for it, Roosevelt Corollary

Russo Japanese War 1904-1905

• Japan shocked the world by defeating Russia
• Treaty of Portsmouth
  • Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin
  • Japan took over Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea

Panama Canal

• we had to get permission from colombia because they owned Panama but colombia didn't want us to build the canal but then we told them to get their independence and they did on Nov.3rd 1903 and let us build
• US and Panama then signed a canal deal where US would pay $10 million and a annual rent of $230.000
• this action greatly upsets Latin America because they thought we were just doing this to benifit us

Roosevelt Corollary

• It was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
• said that the US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
• the US would use force to protect interests in Latin America

"Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick" --Big Stick Diplomacy

• the threat of using our military to get what we want

Ex. Panama Canal we sent our navy down to Panama to say if they didn't build it we would use our army

Dollar Diplomacy - President Taft

• using the UD government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by US banks and businesses
• economic imperialism
• US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America
• US said it was needed to keep euopean powers out of latin americea
• substituting dollars for bullets

President Woodrow Wilson

• Practiced "Missionary diplomacy"
• US would not recognze any gov. that was oppressive, undemocratic, and hostile toward the US
• Mexican gov. was overthrown by General Victoriano Huerta
• Wilson refused to recognize " a gov. of butchers"
• Wilson practiced "watchful waiting" in dealing with Huerta