Today I spent the whole class period studying and eventually took my test at the end of the hour. I decided to make a study guide so that it was easier to study. Here are the things I studied because I did not think I understood them the first time.Ch. 9What was the Progressive Era?The Progressive era was a period of time between 1890 and the early 1900's when a lot of change came about to help the common people. The four goals of Progressivism protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency.Be able to explain what the progressives did to help the following groups:-women learned that women started to get a higher education by attending college. The women of this time also started to work outside of their homes. I also learned that they started to work in textile mills and worked as telephone operators. They also pushed so that they could get the right to vote, which eventually did happen. They also pushed for prohibition and got many laws passed. Another thing I learned was that Title Nine was the act that allowed women to be able to play sports in school. A lot of people thought that Title Nine was bringing down mens sports.-workers, learned that the Progressives made factory work safer by changing the working hours from 12 to 15 hours to around 10 hours per day. The Nationals Consumers League was led by Florence Kelly and they went around the country talking about workers safety. I learned that today OSHA can go into businesses and make sure that they are keeping their workers safe. We also get paid if we get injured on the job, but before they would just fire you. That is what I learned about worker's safety. Next we talked about Workmen's Compensation. Before the Progressive Era if you were hurt in while working the business owner would just fire them and did not have to pay the hurt worker. I learned that the Progressives passed the Workmen's Compensation laws that said if you were hurt on the job, the worker would get paid during the were on leave. Some companies even started death benefits. learned wages before the Progressive Era were very bad and low. Usually companies would hire children because they would work for less money than adults. The Progressives tried to pass laws that about wages and they got the Minimum Wage Law was passed in 1938. I also learned that the Equity Pay Act was an act that was passed to have men and women paid equally. Henry Ford was the first person to set a minimum wage. Another thing I learned was that he set minimum wage at 5 dollars a day for working eight hours.-consumers, I learned that before the Progressive Era there was a lot of food without labels or expiration dates. The Progressives passed laws that said that the food had to have labels and expiration dates on them. It was started by the USDA so people would not get sick from bad meat. I also learned that their was a book was called The Jungle. In the book Upton Sinclair gave examples of what was going on the meat packing industry. When people ate meat they were not eating only the beef but also thigs like rats, feces, rat poisons, saw duct which got a lot of people sick from ecoli and things like that. The Meat Inspection Act made meat safer to eat. Another thing that I learned was that There were also a lot of drugs that were placebos and contained addictive drugs. The Pure Food & Drugs Act made it so food and drugs were safer to consume.-poor/children, The Progressives pressured politicians to pass the Keating-Owen Law. I learned that the Keating-Owen Law stated that if children made something in a state, it couldn’t be taken to another state by anyone. The Progressives also limited the amount of time or hours children could work. The maximum amount of time was 15 hours. I also learned that children would not fight back, create labor unions, and could do some things better so business owners wanted to hire them. They could also reach smaller parts and were usually hurt on the job because of fatique. Another thing I learned is that the children were hurt the most out of all the factory workers. Today you have to be 14 years old to work at a business.-banks I learned was that the Federal Reserve System was a system of banks Woodrow Wilson was the person that created the Federal Reserve System. It is called the banker's bank, it also strengthed the bank system in the U.S. There are 12 federal banks and 25 branches of these banks. The FRS could basically control inflation and deflationDiscuss the accomplishments of President Teddy Roosevelt.I learned that he used his personality, popularity, and power of persuation to get what he wanted. He wanted to help the common people, and used the bully pulpit to influence the people and pass laws. Settled the 1902 Coal Strike in which miners got better pay and nine hour workday. I also learned that he passed the Elkins Act(no rebates) and Hepburn Act which required railroads to be fair and just in their prices and practices. Passed the Meat Inspection Act and Passed the Pure Food and Drug Act. Newlands Act sold western land and made dams which allowed for irrigation.Discuss the accomplishments of President Woodrow Wilson.The Underwood Tariff was passed during his presidency and it cut the tariff rate for the first time since the Civil War. He also passed the Graduated Income Tax and the Federal Reserve System. I learned that he led the United States in World War 1. Wilson also passed the 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments were passed during his term.-Direct Election of Senators (1913) 17th-Prohibition (1919) 18th-Women's Vote (1920) 19thAnother thing that I learned was that Africans were for the most part ignored by Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, and the Progressive Movement. Also WIlson Reinstated segregation into Washington D.C.Ch. 10Discuss the causes of the Spanish-American War.*Destruction of American Property and investments in Cuba.*Concentration camps in Cuba- treatment of Cubans*The Yellow Press- Hearst and Pulizter- Sensationalism- made things look a lot worse than they really were*Sinking of U.S. battleship Maine- Yellow Press said Spain did it- really an internal explosion- "Remember the Maine"*De Lome Letter- Yellow Press printed letter from the Spanish Minister to U.S.- DuPuy De Lome- letter put down President McKinley- changed the publics opinion about Spaniards*Jingoism- belief that U.S should go to war- Roosevelt, Lodge, B.B. owners- many believe that jingoes pressured McKinley to declare war- McKinley had wanted desperately to stay out of war. Thought that by going to war, U.S. would go into another depression.*Due to all these reasons Mckinley asked Congress to declare war.April 19, 1898 U.S. declared war*War was declared even after Spain had accepted an ultimatum that would have freed Cuba.Discuss the the development of the Panama Canal.learned that the France started to build a canal through South America but because there were a lot of diseases (especially with mosquitos) they gave up. The United States eventually got control of the area and were able to build it. We wanted to build it to save time going all the way around the Tip of South America. I also learned that Columbia, who was in control of Panama at the time, did not want us to get control of Panama. Panama declared its independence with the help of the US Navy and they allowed us to build the canal. The United States drained the swamps in the area to help eliminate yellow fever and maleria. It was very difficult to build because the soil was volcanic and the soil was very sandy and would just move right where they had just moved the soil.
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