life is hard
presentations
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
the political machine was an organized group that help control activities of a political party in a city
like blackmail
offered services in exchange for support
tammany hall is the most famous political machine
every city had one
it was a building where peop;e organized events
not an actual machine
the pyramid-
base- local workers and captains
election time- ward boss secures votes in all precints in ward
top- boss, controlled activities
base, bosses, top dog
role of political boss- sometimes was the actual mayor
could provide gov't support for new businesses
bosses solved problems to gain support and votes
immigrants and the machine-
many of bosses were first or second generation immigrants
few knew grammar
machines helped immigrants get full citizenship
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
boss tweed- head of tammany hall
made millions of dollars from fraud
120 counts of fraund and extortion- went to jail
thomas nast drew a lot of cartoons
tweed escaped from prision and rain to spain where he was recognized from one of thomas nast's cartoons
kickback system- they would pay people off
passing the buck
tammany ring-
What caused all this corruption in government?
election fraud
political machines used fraud to win elections
election of 1876- democrats didn't revolt
republicans won
electoral commision, 7 dem, 7 rep, republican supreme court justice
compromise of 1876
wanted to get rid of reconstruction
large businesss wanted high tariffs
tarrif- large governmetn tax on imports ansd exports
wanted them so that other countries couldn't send goods to our country as easily
cleveland wanted to lower tarrifs and federal incom tax
president only to serve two non consecutive terms- cleveland
lowered, raised it, lowered, raised it
What laws came about to reform government?
patronage- known as the spoil system- people who helped them get elected and in return got them jobs
large range of jobs given because of patronage
reform- citizens pushed for teh termination of patronage
these people were known as reformers
they wanted to get rid of it because it wasn't fair because people who were earning jobs didn't deserve them
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
rutherford b hayes supported reform- set up investigations to corupt place
didn't run for president again caused uproar
garfield- nominated chester arthur as vice president
was shot by someone who was denied a job from garfield
pendleton civil service act- officially established a merit- based system
made it illegal to fire or demote employees for political reasons
before this people had to take tests to get a government job
made sure people were good for the job- helped to eliminate construction
was an era of republicans
era of the unknown president
3 presidents that were shot and killed
president mckinely- shot and killed by cholzgosh because
would not have died if happened today
andrew johnston- was used to get southern democratic votes
was despiced by the republicans
president clintonwas impeached because he lied under oath
grover clevelands real name was steven clevlend
grant was status quo guy- stalled work
hayes status quo
aurthur changed to be a rebuplican
bengie harrison and william mccinly reform
mckinley staus quo
status quo wanted to help the rich and powerful
reformers wanted to change it so that it's equal
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
american mills
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
schools for children- 1865- 1895 is when children were required to go to at least middle school
12- 16 weeks a year so they could help with family
3 r's: reading writing arithmetic
students would be physically punished by the teachers
they made kindergartens which were convienent for the mothers
one room and all children were grouped together
not grouped by age but by what book they were using (abilities)
private schools began in the 1900s
boys and girls were taught separately
public schools were free 20- 30 kids in each grade
many children didn't get to go to school because they had to work for their families
some went to high school, few went to college
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
jim crow laws- racial segregation laws passed to separate blacks and whites
laws lead to treatment
the blacks were robbed of their voting rights
the civil rights act of 1875- garunteed that everyone was regarded to their race
people put fear in the african americans that if they did anything wrong they would be hung or their houses would be burnt down
they had everyone against them
took 100 years to earn all of their rights
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
1893 supreme court case that established separat but equal
turned out to be separate and unequal
people went after the equal part but then relaized the separation was actually what kept people apart
put in segregation laws
brown vs board of education of topeka kansas case is what brought everything back together
Ch. 8.4:
-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.
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