-Describe Native American culture.Spirtial abd lived on the Great Plains for a centry. Family lived together. Hunted buffalo and traded tools and things they made.-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?Gold, silver and to become farmers and ranchers. Gold-Silver in Colarado in 1858. Mining areas on the Native American land.-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?. Government made treaties and controlled where the Native Americans could live and hunt. They had to hunt in their area. Assimilation- plan to take away cosom and beliefs. Moved the Indians to to areas and then reservations-Describe a cowboy's life.learned from the Mexicans to take care of animals. Also learned from the Spanish. 25 percent African American. 12 persent Mezican. Good riders and ropers and used guns to protect herd. worked 10-14 hoursCh. 5.2:-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?Homestead Act offered 160 acres of land to any citixen who was head of hious free. in less than a day 2 million acres were owned Sooner state oklahoma- people took land before it was open. Railroads had to give up western land holdings for the Yellowstone National Park. Railroads made faster travel and easier.-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plans?Drpufhts, floods fire, blizzards, plagues, and raids-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?They couldnt plow in the land. Shipping was high. Price began to fall. Farmer produced to mauch.GreenbackCouldn't pay back the debt.Ch. 5.3:-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?Prices of crops began to fall, there wasn't any good farm land. Railroads were charging the farmers more than they needed to. Farmers produced more than they needed to and it lowered prices. It affected everyone, green backs-printed paper money during the civil war, made money worthless. Railroads were charging way to much for interest, there was only one railroad so they had to share. Farmers were in debt to railroads.Gold standard- where the money is back by gold and if it is not it is worthless.-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?a group of farmers that were demictatic. ecinomic reform and wanted priced to go up. graduated income tax. federal lon programs. Democratic Party, help proposed economics reforms, higher prices for goods and services, a graduated income tax, federal loan program. Government reform election of the U.S. senators by popular vote, single terms for presidents and vice-presidents, secret ballot to end vote fraud, The Party then elected 5 senators, 3 governores, and around 1,500 state legislators.Ch. 6.1:-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?Natural resources-oil(boom) and steel. Cheap labor from immigrants, large markets, practiced laissez-fairre system- government does not interfer in businesses french for hands off to let alone. Entrepreneur-someone who starts their own businesses. Electricity-changed nature of business-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?Machines ran on electricity. Thomas Edison-made the light bulb better and made the telegraph. Invented an entire systemChristopher Scholes-invented the type writer, change the world of workAlexander Graham Bell-invented the telephone, opened a way for world wide communication-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?Large increase in trade, quicker travel, boom town, lower unemployment rate, safer than wagons, comfort for passengers.Trade grew like iron, coal, steel, lumber, and glass. Towns grew, small stops became big towns.-Why were many people upset with the railroads?Construction cost, engines break down, more settlement out west decreases room for native americans, risks for workers. Misuse of government land grants-which railroads sold to other businesses. Fix prices, which helped keep farmers in their debt. Demanded more for short hauls than they did for long hauls.Charged a lot to use railroadsCh. 6.3:-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.Came to the US with his parents from Scottland. Worked at the Pennsylvania Railroad. Started the Carnegie Steel Company. Most powerful steel company in 1809. New machinery and techniques, accounting, offer stocks, liked competition. Created Carnegie Hall for the arts. Hated rich people and before he died he gave most his money. Refer to page 242. Horizontal intergration- big company buys out small company. Veritcal intergration-oil companies would buy out railroads, stores.-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.Owned the Standard oil company. Created a monopoly-when one company has complete control over the production of a product and they can control the market of that product. Low wages, low price, no more competitors. They were called Robber Barons-powerful business man or banker.-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?Social Darwinism-success and failure in business were governed by natural laws and no one has the right to intervene. It is natural for big businesses to take over small businesses.-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).Horizontal intergration-big company buys out small company. Verital intergration-oil companies would buy out railroads,stores. Trust-an agreement between a company, a monopoly trying to take over.-How did the government try to regulate business?Sherman Antitrust Act-governments attempt to stop monoplies,wasn't clear,was easy to find loopholes.-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?Were created for keeping workers from being over worked and under paid. Were workers in the factories to make a higher wage. Workers were not allowed to leave because of sickness, vacation, injury. Injuries were common because of poor ventilation.American Federation of Labor was created in 1886. Women were not allowed in most labor unions, they made female labor unions.Management and Government pressure unions-would blackmail you so you couldn't get a job and before hiring you they made you sign a contract saying you wouldn't join a labor union-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examplesNew union won a strike for higher wages. Yes and no, they went through a lot of strikes and at first everyone was against them, but later on when one labor union would win a strike other labor unions would follow their leads and would win.Ch. 7.1:Why did immigrants come to the US?California Gold Rush, find jobs,Where did immigrants come from?China, Japan,Germany, Mexico, Ireland,West Indies, Russia, Austria-Hurngary.What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?Anti-immigraion groups,Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?They were taking all the jobs. Chinese Exclusion Act.Ch. 7.1:Why did immigrants come to the US?California Gold Rush, find jobs,freedom & gold,Where did immigrants come from?China, Japan,Germany, Mexico, Ireland,West Indies, Russia, Austria-Hurngary.What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?Anti-immigraion groups, finding jobs,Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?They were taking all the jobs. Chinese Exclusion Act. Segregation.Ch. 7.2Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Cheaper, more convenient, and provided better opportunities. McCorick reaper & steel plow, made farming quicker so the didn't need as many farmers. Called for more unskilled steady job. Settlement house-place where poor people could stay.What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?Transportation- created mass transit-public tansportation, street cars in 1873, electric subways in 1897,crime-sanitation-fire-water-Didn't have safe drinking water, big cities built public waterways. cholera 1870-filteration.housing- 2 options- boarding house or buy a house. Tenements-multifamily urban dwelling. 1879- New York City passed a law. Apartments had to have venatlation systems.What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?Made settlement houses,Ch. 7.3What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?gilded means to be covered with gold. Not real machines, big group of politicians. Offered services to voters and businesses. Gained control over government. In pyramid-top-boss, middle-captains, bottom- grunt workers. Made parks, sewer, waterworks, schools, hospitals, orphanges, most were immigrants. Most of the politicians were immigrants so they no what its like for the immigrants so the immigrants are loyal to them . Make up names for voting. Graft-the illegal use of political influence for personal gain. Workers kicked back to political machines.Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.William M. Tweed aka Boss Tweed. Tammy Hall, NYC's powerful democratic P.M. Group of corrupt politicians to defraud the city. Construction the government were taxing them, 13 million instead of 3 million.1871 Tweed Ring broke, Boss got 120 counts of fraud, 12 years in jail instead went to jail for 1 year.What caused all this corruption in government?Dishonest individuals. Patronage- "the Spoil System" meant giving government jobs to citizens that helped candidates get elected, didn't know what they were doing.. Reformers-half breed tried to eliminate patronage. Rutherford B Haves- elected in 1876What laws came about to reform government?Civil service act of 1883- commission was set up to investigate the federal jobs to make sure they were being honest. Stalvarts- supported whether or not they thought it was right. This period of time was dominated by republicans.Pendleton Service Act- reduce the dishonesty factor, created strong alliance between the government and big businesses.Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?Ch. 8.1:-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?Ch. 8.2:-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Primary schools were becoming popular. States past laws for kids to go to school. High school was a little slower to develope. College was even slower than high school. Immigrants were encurage to go to school. They needed to become "Americanized." Immigrants memorized very well. They didn't learn that mush. African Americans were seperate. Blacks didn't attent college.Ch. 8.3:-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?Voting restrictions, literacy tesst were given to Afican Americans. Poll tax was given to be able to vote. This prevented African Americans to vote.Grandfather clause allowed whites that were poor to be able to vote.Jim Crow LawsPlessy v. Ferguson caseMexicans were payed less and worked in bad climates. The Chinease were workers of rail roads.-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.He was 1/8 black and 7/8 whites. He was asked to move to the black car. He was sent to jail by a court and the Supreme Court. Seperate but equal. that was not true. The colored places where not equal. They were dirty.Ch. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.Ammusment Parks, bicyling,new forms of theaters, and snacks.Roller coasters and Ferris Wheels brought many people to parks.People enjoyed tennis. Shopping was starting to get big. Advertizing. Shopping by mail. In 1900's Hersheys chocolate bar. Coca Cola was big as well. It was addicting.Ch. 9.1-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).Protection of social welfare. Helped conitions in factories and cities. Wages and working conditions.Promoting moral improvment. improve lives of poor people. Alcohol caused to have bad morals. This is a reason of prohibiton.Creating economic reform.Fostering efficiency. Starting to help women. Help factories. People had less hours and payed more. This helped people stay and work becuase they were happy.-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?Bannig of alcohol. Selling, owning, and making alcohol. Prohibition came about because people were coming corrupt. Help morals.Woman Christan Ass. and Christian Temprent Unions.-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.Helped people get off the streets and to work out and have education.Salvation army help poor peole also.-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?It band the manufatoring, sale. and transportation of alcohol beverages.Women wanted it because they wanted the right to vote and wanted husbands to stop drinking. All crimes were related to alcohol in their opinions. Helped morals.-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?Socialism is an ecconomic system. Property and dissbrabution of wealth is determined by government. Every thing is equal. People in the factories liked the socialism because they wanted to have the rich give money. Hard workers in a social system, get paid the same as the the slackeres. Schools are socialistic.-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?They were jornalists who wrote about the corrupt govenment. Upton Sinclair- The Jungle- meatpacking, Ida Tarbell- standered oil company.-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?clean air, water, cities, and land. They protect the government. Everyone is equal.-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?Farmers helped farmer in disscusing crop. Increase imigrants to help buisness.-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work? Hours were cut from 10-14 to 8-9 hours. Less hours cuases people to work harder. Labor unions help with hours and minnumum wage.-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?Labor Unions helped with minninum wages and helped with hours.-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?-What did the 17th Amendment do?Alowed the people of the states were able to vote and choose senenters in congress.Ch. 9.2-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.Ch. 9.3-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.-Square Deal- everyone is equal. This was his campain slogan. Benifited the common man.-Breaking up strikes- Heklp break up the coal strick. He would help other people to be hires. 10% pay increase.-Regulating railroads- passed the commerce act. Made the same price to the railroads. They needed to treat everyone equal,.-Regulating food and drugs-Conservation-Civil RightsCh.9.4-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency-Payne-Aldrich Tariff-Land disputes-Breaking up trusts-You will have to look elsewhere for some other accomplishments as the book is limited-Break-up of the Republican Party-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.Ch. 9.5-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.-Breaking up trusts-Underwood Tariff-16th Amendment-Federal Reserve System-Limits to Progressivism under Wilson
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