Japan
Dictatorship also came to Japan
-not through a political party but the military
History
-rich military tradition
-feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan
-The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
-came form divine origin
-descendent of the Sun Goddess
-played minor role in the government
-he was above politics
-shogun had the political power
-ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japanese society
1. Landowning clans dominated
-protected by the samurai
2. Wealthy merchant class
3. Peasants
-most of the people of Japan
Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports
In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
-adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country
1. heavy industry
2. modern army
3. strong navy
Showed off new power in several wars
1. Sino-Japanese War
-1894-95
-Japan won
2. Russo-Japanese War
-1904-05
-Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
-gained partial control of Manchuria
3. World War I
-allied with the US
-gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
1920’s
-gave all men the right to vote
-signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts. (4- reduced navy, 5-would take over colonies, 9- open door policy of China)
-joined the League of Nations
-signed the Kellog-Briand Pact-out-lawed war
1930’s
-Great Depression changed everything (depends on imports- no reasorces)
-people blamed the government for tough times
-military leaders stepped in and took control
-said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
-assassinated political leaders that opposed them
-took away people’s rights
Japanese Military Honor
1. fight to the death
2. commit suicide rather than surrende-with swords, granades. Also Kamakasies
3. gekokujo- commanding officers had right to decide when to invade. Made own decisions.
-open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
-seen as a positive thing
-shows the spirit of the soldier
Japan Invasion of Manchuria
- League of Nations condemed it. Told them to leave.
- Showed that Japan was serious and strong
- Showed Hitler and Mussiolini that League of Nations could not enforce its athority
- Major force could get away with using their force
- Great Brittan and France wanted to avoid war
- League of Nation lost it's power- most powerful country in Asia left.
Good Neighbor Policy
- Latian America did not like the US because we did what we wanted to them
- Needed to be better neighbors because of Great Depression
- Need trade with Latain America
- Needed to keep Hilter and Mussilini out of our waters.
Ethiopia invasion by Mussolini
- Italy lost to Ethiopia - embarrising
- League of Nation commends it
- Italy gets pay back in 1935
- L. of N. sanctions begin- stop trading
- Oil trade is need and left of the list
- US Neutrality act- will not lend money or weapons
- Ethiopia was Italy controlled.
- League of Nations failed again- Hilter Takes note
- World is a Danger Zone
Spanish Civil War
- Hitler and Mussolini sent troops to help Francisco Franco
- Stalin sent $ to the communists
- Reflected the notice of Germany
Rome- Berlin Axis- 1936
- World rotates on an axis
- World will turn in Rome and Berlin
***China was to Japan as the Soviet Union was to Germany***
Japanese Treated China Terribly
Rape of Nanking- 1937- a lot of targeted civilains were killed, raped and stabbed, and Japanese were labled as terrible soldiers.
Quarantine Speech- 1937- Roosevelt speech that talked about the Allies need to come together and to look after the Axis
- Taking sides on the world
Appeasement Policy
- a diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war with the aggressors
- Great Brittan and France used this policy throughout the 30's
- Help give Japan, Italy and Germany confidence
- No concequenes
- HUGE mistack
Panay Incident- 1937
- Japan hit a US ship because the we were in the port.
- They appologized. They "thought" that it was a Chinese ship.
- We continued to trade
Anshuluss with Austria 1938
- German word for Union
- United Germany with Austria
- Let Hilter take it
- Didnt want to have war with it
Sudetenland/ Munich Conference 1938
- Part of Checklevakia were German speeking people
- "Hilter wanted to reunite the German speeking people"
- Munich conference
- Munich Pact- Appeasement
- Brittan told Czechoclovakia had to join with Hilter or fight problems by themselves
- Hilter wanted Steel and Iron in the Sudentenland
- Hitler sayed he wanted to reunite the German People.
- He promised that he would not take any more land.
- He now wants to take over the rest on Czechovatia
Wintson Churchill
- War Bounder
- Chamberland sayed he saved a war from happening
Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939
- Hitler showed that he was a lier. Took over more land. Did not get punished.
- Figured out that Hitler wanted something more
- Brittan and France figured war was going to start.
Nazi- Soviet non- agression act
- 1939- didnt want to fight another 2 sided war.
- They still didnt trust eachother
- Russia gave raw materials to Germany
- Would stay neutral if one enters a war
- Agreed to attack Poland.
- Would force GB and France to back out of their promise.
Invasion of Polland
- Blitzkrieg- lighting war
- Other countries used defencive taskics
- Germany wanted to attack quickly to achive victory as quickly as possible
- Attack Airplanes, and ships first.
- Tanks and troops invade Polland
- Circle and trap enemies
- Drop bombs at cities. Had siriens to scare people
Sitzkrieg-the Phony War
- Nothing was happening.
- Waiting the Winter out and prepairing for war.
- Didnt think the war was real
Axis Powers
- Germany
- Italy
- Japn
- Albania, Bulgaria, Findlin, Romania, and Thailand, Hungry
Allies
- Great Britain
- France
- United States
- Soviet Union
- China
- Canada
- Australia
- Latin America
Denmark and Norway
- Wanted to control of North Sea. Could not get it.
- Took them over in days
Belguim
- To get to France
France
- Took one month to take over
- Were not offesive
- Good defence but coulnt hold on
- Maginot Line
- Didnt want another attack like WWI
- Concrete barriers
- Attacked France though Belguim
- Dunkirk- good victory to save men. We still lost tough. In Belguim.
- Sent to Great Britain
- Hitler LOVED this Day. Revenge from loosing WWI and Treaty of Versiles.
Vichy Government
- Worked with Hitler.
- Southern France
- Government was given from Hitler
Free French Underground
- Wanted to get France back
Great Britain
- Hitler had great respect
- Aryans
- Would sign a a non regression act
- Germany had plan to invade
Nazi Goals
- Destroyed the Royal Air Force
- Attack and destroy Navy
- Attack British troops
- Invade Great Britain- if not surrendered
- **Germany never succeded
- Did not succed in bombing- started night bombing
- GB got help from Radar and Ultra- desypher codes
- Operation Sea Lion
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