Monday: WWII movies summaries
Italy's WWII Story- Benito Mussolini- II Duce
1919
- Italy after WWI
- Italy was very displeased with the Treaty of Versailles
- Wanted to get more land than they got
- Italy joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937
- Italy was very displeased with the Treaty of Versailles
- 5 Power Pact
- Signed by Great Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy
- Designed to prevent an arm's race
- It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers
- Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers or submarines
- 9 Power Pact
- Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door Policy
- Signed by the United States, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes
- March on Rome- October 1922
- A march by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party
- Mussolini and the Fascists won and took over Italy
- King Victor Emmanuel
- Did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy
- Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy
- Saw Mussolini as the person that could do these things
- Mussolini and the Catholic Church
- In 1921, the Lateran Accords were signed
- Gave the Vatican specific territories in Rome
- Catholicism became the state religion-
- Separation of church and state was stopped
- Recognition of religious marriages for the first time since 1870
- Catholic church was given a lot of money
- What did Mussolini get?
- Official support from the catholic Church
- In 1921, the Lateran Accords were signed
Tuesday:
- Established Fascism in Italy
- A government led by a strong dictator
- Stresses strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism
- Uses intimidation to get what they want
- "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state." Benito Mussolini
- Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
- Italy lost it's Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
- One of the worst colonial disasters of modern history
- Feb. 23, 1935, Italy sends large forces into Ethiopia
- Italy/ Ethiopia Invasion
- Nov. 18, 1935, League of Nations sanctions begin
- Arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation for Italian goods
- Feb. 29, 1936, FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act
- Mandatory arms embargo with warring nations
- Mandatory ban on leans to warring nations
- May 5- Italy occupied Addis Ababa- annexed all Ethiopia on May 9
- Nov. 18, 1935, League of Nations sanctions begin
Wednesday:
- Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War- 1936
- Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists
- This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops
- Rome- Berlin Axis- 1936
- Tripartite Pact is signed forming the Axis Powers- 1940 Germany, Italy and Japan
- Axis Powers
- Main Powers:
- Germany, Italy, Japan
- Other Powers:
- Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Hungary
- Main Powers:
- Italy's Goals in WWII
- Make a new Roman Empire
- Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake'
- Take over northern African colonies of Britain and France- especially Egypt
- Take over southeaster Europe- Greece and Albania
- Take over parts of the Middle East
- Italy Invasion of Albania- 1940
- Italy's Invasion of Greece- 1940
- Italy's Mediterranean and North African Plan
- Italy's defeat- 1943
- Mussolini & his mistress, Claretta Petacci, are hanged in Milan- 1945
- Italy and the Holocaust
- In 1938, Mussolini instituted laws discriminating the Jews
- 46,000 Jews in Italy at the time
- After the Fascist government fell when the US invaded, the Germans moved in and took control and started shipping Jews to camps outside of Italy
- In 1938, Mussolini instituted laws discriminating the Jews
- Why did Italy lose?
- Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war
- Germany had to constantly bail Italy out
- Italian troops were spread to thin- Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet Union, France, Battle of Britain
- The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight. They were forced to fight
- Overall, Italy was just a weak country
- Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war
- Impact WWII had on Italy
- 410,000 dead- 330,000 Military death
- Spent $94 billion
- Italy had joined the Allies by 1943 so the big concern for the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism
- US gave millions of dollars to Italy(Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war
- Became a member of NATO in 1949
- Became a member of the United Nations in 1955
Thursday: Japan in WWII
- Areas Controlled by Japan during WWII
- Several regions in China- 1938-1945
- French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos)- July 15, 1940-August 29, 1945
- Hong Kong (UK)- December 12, 1940, August 15, 1945
- Thailand- as an "allied" state although induced- December 8, 1941- August 15, 1941
- British New Guinea- December 27, 1941- September 15, 1945
- Philippines (USA)- January 2, 1942- November 27, 1944
- Guam (USA)- January 6, 1942- October 24, 1945
- Dutch East Indies- January 18, 1942- October 21, 1945
- Portuguese Timor- February 19, 1942- September 2, 1945
- Malaya (UK)- March 27, 1942- September 2, 1945
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India)- March 29, 1942- September 9, 1945
- Straits Settlements (Singapore)- March 29, 1942- September 9, 1945
- Kingdom of Sarawak (UK)- March 29, 1942- September 9, 1945
- Brunei (UK)- March 29, 1942- September 9, 1945
- North Borneo (UK)- March 29, 1942- September 9, 1945
- Nauru- August 26, 1942- September 31, 1945
- Imphal (India)- November 4, 1942- August 15, 1945
- Wake Islands (USA)- December 27, 1942- January 18, 1944
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands (UK)- February 22, 1943- January 22, 1944
- Christmas Island (Australia)- May 5, 1943- January 25, 1944
- Attu and Kiska Islands (Alaska)- June 6, 1943- September 27, 1943
- Areas Attacked but Not Conquered
- Air raids on Australia:
- Broome (Western Australia)
- Darwin (Northern Territory)
- Newcastle (New South Wales)
- Sydney (New South Wales)
- British Columbia (Canada)
- Kohima and Manipur (India)
- Colobo and Trincomalee (Sri Lanka)
- Dornod (Khalkhin Gol, Mongolia)
- United States:
- Santa Barbara (California)
- Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
- Midway Atoll
- Fort Stevens (Oregon)
- Air raids on Australia:
- Japan in the 1920's
- Joined the League of Nations
- Signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
- 4 Power Pact- US, GB, France and Japan would respect each other's possession in the Pacific
- 5 Power Pact- US, GB, France, Italy and Japan would limit naval size
- 9 Power Pact- US, GB, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal, and China agree to the Open Door Policy and guarantee Chinese independence
- Signed the Kellogg- Briand Pact
- Japanese Invasion of Manchuria- 1931
Friday: No School
Comments