Monday:
- Air Raid Shelters During the blitz
- Results
- In May, 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities
- British losses-around 40,000 civilians dead
- 46,000-139,000 injured
- German losses- 3,363 aircrew and 2,265 aircraft
- Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals
- German Invasion of USSR- June, 1941
- Final Plan for Operation Barbarossa
- Scorched Earth Police
- Stalin demanded this of the Soviet troops as they retreated
- Battle of Moscow
- The Soviet Winter Counteroffensive
- December 6, 1941-April 30, 1942
- The Russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point in the war
- Battle of Stalingrad:
- Winter of 1942-1943
- Around two million total casualties
- Siege of Leningrad
- On August 30th 1941, the Germans took over Leningrad's railroads, cutting them off from the rest of Russia and the world
- Unlike the Battle of Stalingrad, the Germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission
- Between November 1941 and October 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation
- People resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste, and some resorted to cannibalism
- Finally, a successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad, drained necessary resources the Germans needed to continue the blockade, and eventually, it failed
- The Germans never took Leningrad, but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced-over one million died
- The North Africa Campaign:
- June, 1940-May, 1943
- The Italian Campaign ["Operation Avalance"]: Europe's "Soft Underbelly"
- Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area- North Africa- Nov. 1942- May-1943
- George S. Patton leads American troops
- Germans trapped in Tunisia- surrender over 275,000 troops
- The Battle of Sicily: June, 1943
- The Battle of Monte Casino: February. 1944
- The Allies Liberate Rome: June 5, 1944
- The Atlantic Wall
- Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Order for D-Day ["Operation Overlord"]
- D-Day- June 6, 1944
- Normandy Landing
- German Prisoners
- Higgins Landing Crafts
- July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
- The Liberation of Paris: August 25, 1944
- The Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Last Offensive
- Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan. 28, 1945
- Us & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River (in Germany): April 25, 1945
- Hitler Commits Suicide: April 30, 1945
- The Fuhrer's Bunker
- Cyanide & Pistols
- Mr. & Mrs. Hitler
- V-E Day ( May 8 1945)
Tuesday: Continued taking notes... all note up above
Wednesday: Continued taking notes. Talked about D-Day
Thursday: Continued taking notes. Started talking about the Holocaust
- The Holocaust
- The genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II
- A program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory
- Approximately two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who have lived in Europe before the Holocaust died
- Some say that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazi's killing of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory
- By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people
- What is Genocide?
- Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethical, racial or religious group, as such:
- Killing member of the group ;
- Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
- Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
- Imposing measures intended to prevent births withing the group;
- Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group
- Member Countries must "undertake to prevent and punish"
- Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethical, racial or religious group, as such:
- Who was Inferior According to Hitler?
- Jews (6 million dead)
- Gypsies (500,00 to 1.5 million)
- Mentally/physically handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000)
- Soviet Slavs/POW's/Troops (16.5 million)
- Poles (2.5 million dead)
- Homosexuals (5-15 thousand dead)
- Communists/socialists (many but number not confirmed)
- Dark skinned people (death and forced sterilization)
- Mixed races- "The mulatto children came about through rape or the white mother was a whore" Adolf Hitler
- Jehovah's Witnesses (2,500-5,000)
- What is the Aryan Race?
- Nazis used term to refer to a so-called master race that originated around Germany
- Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular
- The original term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect
- Lebensborn-Fount of Life
- The program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed "fit"
- Houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories
- Many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mother which helped lead to many rumors of rape
- Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans
- Hitler's Jewish Question- 1933
- Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933- Never restored
- The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 Communists
- Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools
- Most Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges
Friday: Continued taking notes
- Nuremburg Law 1935
- Took German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights
- Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race
- Eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
- Jews could only marry Jews
- No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews
- 1936
- Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses
- Kristallnacht- 1938 "Night of the Broken Glass"
- One the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938, the Nazis roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting
- In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed
- 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps
- Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack
- 1938
- All Jewish children are expelled from public school in Germany and Austria
- Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses
- Hitler's Final Solution
- Genocide
- 1939
- Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria
- Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars
- 1940
- Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland
- Jews are forced into ghettos
- Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland
- 1941
- Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos
- In tow days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar- the largest single massacre of the Holocaust
- The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews
- 1942
- Nazi officials announce "Final Solution"- their plan to kill all European Jews
- Five death camps being operation in Poland: Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka, Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau
- Ghettos of Eastern Europe are being emptied and thousand of Jews are shipped to death camps
- The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe
- 1943
- Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising
- 1944
- Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered
- 1945
- Hitler is defeated and World War II ends in Europe
- The Holocaust is over and the death camps are found emptied
- Many survivors are place in displaced persons camps until they find a country wiling to accept them
- 1947
- The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British- controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948
- Some 850,000 people lived in displace Person camps across Europe
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