USH Weekly Blog 2-6/2-10

Monday:

1932/1936 Presidential Elections

1932
- F.D.R- Democrat
- Herbert Hoover- Republican
  - Blamed him for the great depression
- Norman Thomas
  - 3rd party
3rd Party Socialist
- Stated to come around during this time
- Leftist party that had been created
Platform of F.D.R
- The New Deal
- Expansion of the Federal Government
- Regulation of Blanks
- Massive Government Spending
- Create Social Services
- Put People back to work
Platform of Hoover
- Raise taxes
- Spend more
- Raise Tariffs
- Block trade
- Republicans did not like him
  - Thought he was socialist
1936
- F.D.R- Democratic
- Alf Landon- Republican
Platform of F.D.R
- Protection of the family and home
- Protect people form the bad
- Establishment of a democracy of opportunity for all people
- Insuring the wealth of people
- aid to those overtaken by disaster
- Old age & social security
- Veterans
- Agriculture
Platform of Alf Landon
- Moderate Progressive
- Anti-F.D.R
- Less government spending
- Get rid of the new deal

Impact The Great Depression Had on the People and Out Country

Marriage and Divorce
- Less marriages
- Less divorces
- Poor man's divorce
  - When a man would just up and leave his wife and children
Crime
- Murder
- Lynching
- Prohibition
Suicide
- Suicide rate
- Only option
Schooling
- Schools underfunded
- Dropout rate
Train Jumping
- Dropouts
- Moved to get jobs
- Less burden on parent
Soup Kitchens
- Served food
- Supplied to all
- First privately sponsored
- Government sponsored
Hoovervilles
- Named after presidents
- Outside of inner cities
- St. Lewis, New York, D.C
- Housing
People who survived
- Garden
- Livestock
- Trading

Tuesday:

Cause of the Great Depression

Define Depression
- A long and severe recession in a n economy or market
Cause of Great Depression
- Stock Market Crash -1929
- Distribution of wealth around U.S
- Bank credit and loans (debit)
- No guarantee from banks (panic)
- Buying on the margin (down payments)
- Weak/small bank firms (bankrupt)
- Over 9,000 banks failed
- $14 billion lost = $194 billion
Vicious Cycle
- People have no money
- People don't buy
- Companies stop producing
- Lay people off
- People don't have any jobs
- People have no money
Drought Conditions
- Dust Bowl
  - "Dirty Thirties"
- 1931-17 inches of rain
- Low agricultural prices
- Plowing
- No cover crops
- No wind buffers
- Erosion

President Hoover's Attempt to Help Solve Great Depression

Agricultural Marketing Act
- Stop crop prices from rising
- Half a billion dollars to fund
- Financial help for farmers
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
- Financial Support for many businesses
- Loans
  - Banks
  - Railroads
  - Mortgage associations
- It started to grow and helped to aid agriculture and financing
- Was intended to be an independent nonpolitical agency
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
- Tariff- tax on imported good
- Raised prices on over 200,000 imported goods
- Didn't work since world trade wasn't good

Wednesday: No School

Thursday:

Bonus Army
- Assembly of 43,000 some people most veterans
- 17,000 were WWI veterans, families, and affiliated groups
- Great depression made them desperate to get money
- The congress came up with an certificated
  - Around $1.25 to $1.0
- They waited in camps outside of Washington D.C for the bill to pass
- The bill didn't pass
- Tension rose even further
- Hoover sent the military to escort them away from the premises
- The military used tear gas and destroyed the tents they had
- The leader of the military group was Douglas MacArthur (Five star general)
- Major Dwight D Eisenhower was also in the military group
- The president said not to follow the group to the anacostia flats
- MacArthur followed and soon afterwords a fire started with no one knowing who started it

Entertainment

Championships (1930)
- FIFA World cup
  - Uruguay was host and won 4-2 against Argentina
- World Series
  - Philadelphia Athletics won the series in the 6th game against the St. Louis Cardinals
- Super Bowel
  - Green Bay Packers beat the New York Giants
- Finals (American Basketball League)
  - Cleveland Rosenberg won the finals (5-1) against t the Rochester
Famous Athletes
- Jesse Owens
  - Track and Field
  - Four time gold medalist
- Lou Gehrig
  - Baseball
  - First baseman for New York Yankees
    - "There is no room in baseball for discrimination. It is your national pastime and a game for all"
- Charlie Conacher
  - Ice Hockey
  - Forward for:
    - Toronto Maple Leafs
    - Detroit Red Wings
    - New York Americans
Music
- Jazz Music was very popular during he 1930's
  - Popular musicians include:
    - Shirley Temple
    - Gene Autry
    - Billie Holiday
    - Roy Rogers
    - Bing Crosby
Radio
- More than 40% of american households owned a radio
- Live musical performances
- Drama, comedy acts, talk and educational shows came later
- In large parts of the South, Midwest, and Great Plains, radio stations and sets were scarce
Cartoons
- Popeye the Sailor
  - E.C (Elize Crisler) Segar
  - Made his debut in January 1929
  - Voiced by William "Billy" Costello
Fads
- Family game night
- Goldfish swallowing
- Stamp collecting
- Reading

Franklin Roosevelt's background

FDR was born on January 20 1882 into wealthy family
He was an only child
He went to Harvard but was a C student
A few years after he went to Harvard he went to Columbia University Law School
He never received a degree because he found it boring so he went into politics
Franklin Roosevelt's Political Starts
- In 1910 FDR was invited to run for New York State Senate
- He ran as a democrat in an area that primarily republican for the last 32 years
- With the help of his last name he won the election
- During his time elected he formed an alliance with Louis Howe
- In 1914 FDR decided to run for the US senate seat
- He lacked white house support
- FDR made to many political enemies
- He lost the election
Accomplishments
- As president he passed the new deal which made tons of organization to help the economy
- One of these groups were the Workers Progress Administration (WPA)
- The WPA employed millions of unskilled men to carry
- The Civilian Conservation Crop as another group that employed unmarried men
- National youth administration provided jobs for Americans age 16-25
- The agriculture adjustment act payed farmers so there wouldn't be a crop surplus

Friday:

The Three R's

Overview
- FDR pushed for the creating of new agencies to deal with the depression
Three Categories
- Relief
- Recovery
- Reform
Relief
- These programs provided immediate aid to Americans
  - Civil Works Administration
    - Created jobs
  - Farm Security Administration
    - Helped farm families; financially
  - Federal Emergency Relief Admin.
    - Gave loans to the states to operate relief programs
Recovery
- These programs provided jobs to the unemployed w/o government assist.
  - National Recovery Administration
    - Brought industry and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and raised prices
  - Agricultural Adjustment Act
    - The purpose was to reduce crop "overload" and therefore effectively raise the value of crops
  - Federal Housing Administration
    - Set standards for the construction and underwriting for building homes
      - Underwriting- Sign and accept liability under and insurance policy, then guaranteeing payment in case loos or damage occurs
Reform
- Changed the way the government and business operated
  - Rural Electrification Administration
    - Provided loans to install electricity
  - National Labor Relation
    - Protect the rights of employees
  - Tennessee Valley Authority
    - Provided navigation, flood control, electricity generation to the Tennessee Valley

What is the difference between the first and second deal

First Deal
- First made my FDR in spring of 1933
  - Social Security
  - Response to Great Depression
  - 3 R's
Second Deal
- Made by FDR in January of 1935
  - Improve use of natural resources
  - Security against old age
  - Unemployment and illness
  - Slum Clearance
  - Work Relief Program

Deficit Spending and "Priming the Pump"

Refers to and old fashioned water pump
Which requires something to work properly
The government tried to stop spending in other areas
Tried to get more government programs for people affected by the great depression

The Fire Side Chats

During the great depression
FDR gave 30 speeches on advice on how to help people gain money or advice on what to do
Lasted as long as 10 mins
Broadcast on the radio
Sat next to the fire while doing it
Talked to the public abort advice on the great depression

The Hundred Days

Beginning of FDR presidency
Ended the Great Depression
May 9-June 16
FDR
- Passed 15 bills also known as the New Deal
- Ended the Gold Standard
- National Bank Holiday
- Civilian Conservation Act
  - Put 250,000 men to work in rural areas
Trump
- Remove 2 million illegal immigrants from the U.S
- Suspend immigrants from the middle east
- Illegal immigration act
  - Make a wall on our southern border

FDR vs. The US Supreme Court

Election of 1936
- After his landslide victory
- He was frustrated
February 5, 1937
- Roosevelt made a bold and perhaps miscalculated decisions
- Private meeting with cabinet members and the Senate Democratic leadership
- Roosevelt proposed his "Court-packing" bill to circumvent the Court's unfavorable rulings
His campaign was that the court "was in complete charge of the whole republican party"
- An instrument of Laissez- faire
- He was targeting six of the nine supreme court justices
  - because they had challenged his domestic programs
FDR was 15 justices instead of nine
Increase the court's efficiency
Wanted to bring in new justices to balance out the opinion
He wanted some new "life"
January 1935
- The court issued its first ruling on the New Deal Statue
- Striking down the provisions of the National Recovery Industrial Act
- Impose new control on production and pricing on oil

New Deal

Created by president FDR
Created to calm the great depression
Increased Government spending and projects
Built thousands of bridges, highways, buildings
Employed people, spurred economy
Critics of the New Deal
- Father Charles E. Coughlin
  - He was a Detroit radio priest
  - Originally a supported
  - Became anti-Semitic
  - Blamed Jewish bankers for the Great Depression
  - Wanted to make banks owned by Government
  - Also wanted more money in circulation
  - Anti-Communistic
- Franics Townshend
  - Doctor from Long Beach, California
  - Proposed the Old Age Revolving Pension
  - Townshend Plan
  - Every American over 60 must retire
  - Open jobs for younger better workers
  - Retirees would receive $200 per month
  - A lof for GD and must spend in one month
  - Spur economy
- Huey Long
  - Known as the biggest threat to FDR
  - Poised to run for 1936 election
  - Steal votes from FDR
  - "Share our Wealth Program"
  - Communistic idea
  - Take from rich, give to poor
  - Proposed 100% tax on earning over a million
  - Elderly would receive pensions
  - Poorest Americans were guaranteed housing

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USH Weekly Blog 2-6/2-10

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